Titanic Gold Card Worlds Largest Liner Ocean Sea Ship Iconic Unusual New York UK • £1.20 (2025)

Titanic Gold Card Worlds Largest Liner Ocean Sea Ship Iconic Unusual New York UK 1 of 3Only 1 left — 3 watchers Titanic Gold Card Worlds Largest Liner Ocean Sea Ship Iconic Unusual New York UK 2 2 of 3 Titanic Gold Card Worlds Largest Liner Ocean Sea Ship Iconic Unusual New York UK 3 3 of 3

See More

Seller: anddownthewaterfall ✉️ (35,810) 99.8%, Location: Manchester, GB, Ships to: WORLDWIDE, Item: 365592080355 Titanic Gold Card Worlds Largest Liner Ocean Sea Ship Iconic Unusual New York UK. The Prinz Eugen, the Bismarck’s recent comrade-in-battle, had reached Brest safely. Films directed. 3,000 18 August 1769 A lightning bolt caused the Brescia Explosion of a gunpowder depot in Brescia, Italy, destroying one-sixth of the city[3][4]. Titanic 100th Anniversary Gold Card This is Gold Layered Card of the iconic Titanic Ship Crafted with an eye for history and a touch for nostalgia, the Titanic Gold Card Ltd Edition commemorates the 100th anniversary of the Titanic disaster in 1912. It is a unique tribute to the iconic ship that traversed the Atlantic. This piece captures the essence of the vintage era with its classic design and metallic composition, reflecting a time of grandeur and historical significance. Originating from Great Britain, this collectable from the 21st century is a homage to the enduring legacy of the Titanic. It stands as a captivating artefact for enthusiasts of maritime history and vintage memorabilia, offering a tangible connexion to the past. The card serves as a reminder of the significant maritime history and the lives lost during the Titanic's ill-fated voyage. It has an image of the great ship on a poster with the words 100th Anniversary 1912 - 2012 The back has an image of the Grand Staircase with information about the great ship and a short passage about the disaster iIt is made of metal and the dimensions are 9cm x 7cm and it weights 50 grams In Excellent Condition A Beautiful coin and Magnificent Keepsake Souvenir of anyone who loves Titanic Like all my items bidding starts at 1p with No Reserve! Bid now and try to Grab a Bargain! Sorry about the poor-quality photos. They don't do the card justice which looks a lot better in real life Take a L@@K at my other Titanic Items >>> CLICK HERE TO VISIT MY SHOP Bid with Confidence - Check My 100% Positive Feedback from over 35,000 Satisfied Customers Be sure to add me to your favourites list ! Most of My Auctions Start at a Penny and I always combine postage so please check out my other items ! I Specialise in Unique Fun Items So For that Interesting Conversational Piece, A Birthday Present, Christmas Gift, A Comical Item to Cheer Someone Up or That Unique Perfect Gift for the Person Who has Everything....You Know Where to Look for a Bargain! ### PLEASE DO NOT CLICK HERE ### Be sure to add me to your favourites list ! If You Have any Questions Please Message me thru ebay I Will Reply ASAP All Items Dispatched within 24 hours of Receiving Payment. Thanks for Looking and Best of Luck with the Bidding!! have sold items to coutries such as Afghanistan * Albania * Algeria * American Samoa (US) * Andorra * Angola * Anguilla (GB) * Antigua and Barbuda * Argentina * Armenia * Aruba (NL) * Australia * Austria * Azerbaijan * Bahamas * Bahrain * Bangladesh * Barbados * Belarus * Belgium * Belize * Benin * Bermuda (GB) * Bhutan * Bolivia * Bonaire (NL) * Bosnia and Herzegovina * Botswana * Bouvet Island (NO) * Brazil * British Indian Ocean Territory (GB) * British Virgin Islands (GB) * Brunei * Bulgaria * Burkina Faso * Burundi * Cambodia * Cameroon * Canada * Cape Verde * Cayman Islands (GB) * Central African Republic * Chad * Chile * China * Christmas Island (AU) * Cocos Islands (AU) * Colombia * Comoros * Congo * Democratic Republic of the Congo * Cook Islands (NZ) * Coral Sea Islands Territory (AU) * Costa Rica * Croatia * Cuba * Curaçao (NL) * Cyprus * Czech Republic * Denmark * Djibouti * Dominica * Dominican Republic * East Timor * Ecuador * Egypt * El Salvador * Equatorial Guinea * Eritrea * Estonia * Ethiopia * Falkland Islands (GB) * Faroe Islands (DK) * Fiji Islands * Finland * France * French Guiana (FR) * French Polynesia (FR) * French Southern Lands (FR) * Gabon * Gambia * Georgia * Germany * Ghana * Gibraltar (GB) * Greece * Greenland (DK) * Grenada * Guadeloupe (FR) * Guam (US) * Guatemala * Guernsey (GB) * Guinea * Guinea-Bissau * Guyana * Haiti * Heard and McDonald Islands (AU) * Honduras * Hong Kong (CN) * Hungary * Iceland * India * Indonesia * Iran * Iraq * Ireland * Isle of Man (GB) * Israel * Italy * Ivory Coast * Jamaica * Jan Mayen (NO) * Japan * Jersey (GB) * Jordan * Kazakhstan * Kenya * Kiribati * Kosovo * Kuwait * Kyrgyzstan * Laos * Latvia * Lebanon * Lesotho * Liberia * Libya * Liechtenstein * Lithuania * Luxembourg * Macau (CN) * Macedonia * Madagascar * Malawi * Malaysia * Maldives * Mali * Malta * Marshall Islands * Martinique (FR) * Mauritania * Mauritius * Mayotte (FR) * Mexico * Micronesia * Moldova * Monaco * Mongolia * Montenegro * Montserrat (GB) * Morocco * Mozambique * Myanmar * Namibia * Nauru * Navassa (US) * Nepal * Netherlands * New Caledonia (FR) * New Zealand * Nicaragua * Niger * Nigeria * Niue (NZ) * Norfolk Island (AU) * North Korea * Northern Cyprus * Northern Mariana Islands (US) * Norway * Oman * Pakistan * Palau * Palestinian Authority * Panama * Papua New Guinea * Paraguay * Peru * Philippines * Pitcairn Island (GB) * Poland * Portugal * Puerto Rico (US) * Qatar * Reunion (FR) * Romania * Russia * Rwanda * Saba (NL) * Saint Barthelemy (FR) * Saint Helena (GB) * Saint Kitts and Nevis * Saint Lucia * Saint Martin (FR) * Saint Pierre and Miquelon (FR) * Saint Vincent and the Grenadines * Samoa * San Marino * Sao Tome and Principe * Saudi Arabia * Senegal * Serbia * Seychelles * Sierra Leone * Singapore * Sint Eustatius (NL) * Sint Maarten (NL) * Slovakia * Slovenia * Solomon Islands * Somalia * South Africa * South Georgia (GB) * South Korea * South Sudan * Spain * Sri Lanka * Sudan * Suriname * Svalbard (NO) * Swaziland * Sweden * Switzerland * Syria * Taiwan * Tajikistan * Tanzania * Thailand * Togo * Tokelau (NZ) * Tonga * Trinidad and Tobago * Tunisia * Turkey * Turkmenistan * Turks and Caicos Islands (GB) * Tuvalu * U.S. Minor Pacific Islands (US) * U.S. Virgin Islands (US) * Uganda * Ukraine * United Arab Emirates * United Kingdom * United States * Uruguay * Uzbekistan * Vanuatu * Vatican City * Venezuela * Vietnam * Wallis and Futuna (FR) * Yemen * Zambia * Zimbabwe and major cities such as Tokyo, Yokohama, New York City, Sao Paulo, Seoul, Mexico City, Osaka, Kobe, Kyoto, Manila, Mumbai, Delhi, Jakarta, Lagos, Kolkata, Cairo, Los Angeles, Buenos Aires, Rio de Janeiro, Moscow, Shanghai, Karachi, Paris, Istanbul, Nagoya, Beijing, Chicago, London, Shenzhen, Essen, Düsseldorf, Tehran, Bogota, Lima, Bangkok, Johannesburg, East Rand, Chennai, Taipei, Baghdad, Santiago, Bangalore, Hyderabad, St Petersburg, Philadelphia, Lahore, Kinshasa, Miami, Ho Chi Minh City, Madrid, Tianjin, Kuala Lumpur, Toronto, Milan, Shenyang, Dallas, Fort Worth, Boston, Belo Horizonte, Khartoum, Riyadh, Singapore, Washington, Detroit, Barcelona,, Houston, Athens, Berlin, Sydney, Atlanta, Guadalajara, San Francisco, Oakland, Montreal, Monterey, Melbourne, Ankara, Recife, Phoenix/Mesa, Durban, Porto Alegre, Dalian, Jeddah, Seattle, Cape Town, San Diego, Fortaleza, Curitiba, Rome, Naples, Minneapolis, St. Paul, Tel Aviv, Birmingham, Frankfurt, Lisbon, Manchester, San Juan, Katowice, Tashkent, Fukuoka, Baku, Sumqayit, St. Louis, Baltimore, Sapporo, Tampa, St. Petersburg, Taichung, Warsaw, Denver, Cologne, Bonn, Hamburg, Dubai, Pretoria, Vancouver, Beirut, Budapest, Cleveland, Pittsburgh, Campinas, Harare, Brasilia, Kuwait, Munich, Portland, Brussels, Vienna, San Jose, Damman , Copenhagen, Brisbane, Riverside, San Bernardino, Cincinnati and Accra Titanic (1997 film) Article Talk Read View source View history Tools This is a good article. Click here for more information. Page semi-protected From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Titanic The film poster shows a man and a woman hugging over a picture of the Titanic's bow. In the background is a partly cloudy sky and at the top are the names of the two lead actors. The middle has the film's name and tagline, and the bottom contains a list of the director's previous works, as well as the film's credits, rating, and release date. Theatrical release poster Directed by James Cameron Written by James Cameron Produced by James Cameron Jon Landau Starring Leonardo DiCaprio Kate Winslet Billy Zane Kathy Bates Frances Fisher Bernard Hill Jonathan Hyde Danny Nucci David Warner Bill Paxton Cinematography Russell Carpenter Edited by Conrad Buff James Cameron Richard A. Harris Music by James Horner Production companies Paramount Pictures[1][2] 20th Century Fox[1][2] Lightstorm Entertainment[1] Distributed by Paramount Pictures (United States and Canada) 20th Century Fox (International) Release dates November 1, 1997 (Tokyo) December 19, 1997 (United States) Running time 195 minutes[3] Country United States Language English Budget $200 million[4][5][6] Box office $2.264 billion[7] Titanic is a 1997 American epic romantic disaster film directed, written, co-produced and co-edited by James Cameron. Incorporating both historical and fictionalized aspects, it is based on accounts of the sinking of RMS Titanic in 1912. Leonardo DiCaprio and Kate Winslet star as members of different social classes who fall in love during the ship's maiden voyage. The film also features an ensemble cast of Billy Zane, Kathy Bates, Frances Fisher, Bernard Hill, Jonathan Hyde, Danny Nucci, David Warner and Bill Paxton. Cameron's inspiration for the film came from his fascination with shipwrecks. He felt a love story interspersed with human loss would be essential to convey the emotional impact of the disaster. Production began on September 1, 1995,[8] when Cameron shot footage of the Titanic wreck. The modern scenes on the research vessel were shot on board the Akademik Mstislav Keldysh, which Cameron had used as a base when filming the wreck. Scale models, computer-generated imagery, and a reconstruction of the Titanic built at Baja Studios were used to recreate the sinking. The film was initially in development at 20th Century Fox, but a mounting budget and being behind schedule resulted in Fox asking Paramount Pictures for financial help; Paramount handled distribution in the United States and Canada, while Fox released the film internationally. Titanic was the most expensive film ever made at the time, with a production budget of $200 million. Filming took place from July 1996 to March 1997. Titanic was released on December 19, 1997. It was praised for its visual effects, performances (particularly those of DiCaprio, Winslet, and Gloria Stuart), production values, direction, score, cinematography, story, and emotional depth. Among other awards, it was nominated for 14 Academy Awards and won a record-tying 11, including Best Picture and Best Director, tying Ben-Hur (1959) for the most Academy Awards won by a film. With an initial worldwide gross of over $1.84 billion, Titanic was the first film to reach the billion-dollar mark. It was the highest-grossing film of all time until Cameron's next film, Avatar (2009), surpassed it in 2010. Income from the initial theatrical release, retail video, and soundtrack sales and US broadcast rights exceeded $3.2 billion.[9] A number of re-releases have pushed the film's worldwide theatrical total to $2.264 billion, making it the second film to gross more than $2 billion worldwide after Avatar. In 2017, the Library of Congress selected it for preservation in the United States National Film Registry for being "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant". Plot In 1996, aboard the research vessel Akademik Mstislav Keldysh, treasure hunter Brock Lovett and his team explore the wreck of RMS Titanic, hoping to find a necklace known as the Heart of the Ocean. Instead, they recover a safe containing a drawing of a young woman wearing the necklace. The sketch is dated April 14, 1912, the day the Titanic struck an iceberg and sank, resulting in about 1,500 deaths.[Note 1] After seeing a television report about the discovery, centenarian Rose Dawson Calvert contacts Lovett, revealing herself as the woman in the drawing. Hoping she can help locate the necklace, Lovett brings Rose and her granddaughter aboard the Keldysh, where Rose recounts her experience as a Titanic passenger. In 1912, 17-year-old Rose DeWitt Bukater boards the Titanic in Southampton with her wealthy fiancé, Cal Hockley, and her mother, Ruth. Ruth stresses that Rose's marriage to Cal will resolve their financial problems, but Rose is unhappy in the loveless engagement. Feeling trapped, Rose contemplates suicide by jumping from the ship's stern, but is stopped by Jack Dawson, a poor nomadic artist. Jack and Rose form a friendship, and Jack confesses his growing feelings for her. Though initially resistant, Rose realizes she has fallen in love with Jack, despite Cal's and Ruth's disapproval. Rose brings Jack to her stateroom and asks him to draw her nude wearing only the necklace. Afterward, they evade Cal's valet, Spicer Lovejoy, and have sex in a car in the cargo hold. On the forward deck, they witness the ship's collision with an iceberg and overhear officers discussing the severity of the situation. When Cal discovers Jack's sketch of Rose and a mocking note she left, he arranges to frame Jack for theft by having Lovejoy plant the necklace on him. Jack is arrested and locked in the master-at-arms' office, while Cal places the necklace in his coat pocket. As the ship begins sinking, women and children are prioritized for the lifeboats. Rose finds and frees Jack, and they return to the deck, where Cal urges Rose to board a lifeboat, claiming he and Jack will board another lifeboat. He unwittingly wraps his coat, containing the necklace, around her. However, as her lifeboat is lowered, Rose jumps back onto the sinking ship, unwilling to leave Jack behind. Enraged, Cal grabs a pistol and chases them through the flooding ship but gives up when they escape. Cal manages to secure a place on a lifeboat by pretending to be a child's father. As the ship's flooded bow sinks, the stern rises into the air, and Jack and Rose cling to the railing. The ship splits in two, and the stern sinks into the freezing water with the remaining passengers. Jack helps Rose onto a small floating piece of debris and makes her promise to survive and live a full life. Jack dies from hypothermia, but Rose is saved by a returning lifeboat, and later rescued by the RMS Carpathia. Rose remains hidden from Cal and her mother, and gives her name as Rose Dawson on her arrival in New York City. In the present, Rose reveals that Cal committed suicide after losing his fortune in the 1929 stock market crash. She tells the Keldysh crew that Jack saved her in every possible way, and laments that her memories are all that she has left of him. Touched by her account of the Titanic, Lovett abandons his search for the necklace. Alone at night on the stern of the Keldysh, Rose, who has kept the necklace in her possession all along, drops it into the sea above the wreck. Later, as she lies seemingly asleep in her bed, photographs on her dresser show a life of freedom and adventure inspired by Jack.[10] Aboard the pristine and undamaged Titanic, a young Rose reunites with Jack at the Grand Staircase, applauded by the passengers and crew who died in the sinking. Cast Fictional characters Leonardo DiCaprio (pictured in 2002), who portrayed Jack Dawson, and Kate Winslet (in 2006), who portrayed Rose DeWitt Bukater Leonardo DiCaprio as Jack Dawson. Cameron said he needed the cast to feel they were really on the Titanic, to relive its liveliness, and "to take that energy and give it to Jack, ... an artist who is able to have his heart soar".[11] Jack is portrayed as an itinerant, poor orphan from Chippewa Falls, Wisconsin, who has travelled the world, including Paris. He wins two third-class tickets for the Titanic in a poker game and travels with his friend Fabrizio. He is attracted to Rose at first sight. Her fiancé's invitation to dine with them the next evening enables Jack to mix with first-class passengers for a night. Cameron's original choice for the role was River Phoenix; however, he died in 1993.[12] Though established actors like Matthew McConaughey, Chris O'Donnell, Billy Crudup, and Stephen Dorff were considered, Cameron felt they were too old for the part of a 20-year-old.[13][14] Tom Cruise was interested, but his asking price was too high.[14] Cameron considered Jared Leto for the role, but Leto refused to audition.[15] Jeremy Sisto did a series of screen tests with Winslet and three other actresses vying for the role of Rose.[16] DiCaprio, 21 years old at the time, was brought to Cameron's attention by casting director Mali Finn.[13] Initially, he did not want the role and refused to read his first romantic scene. Cameron said, "He read it once, then started goofing around, and I could never get him to focus on it again. But for one split second, a shaft of light came down from the heavens and lit up the forest." Cameron strongly believed in DiCaprio's acting ability and told him, "Look, I'm not going to make this guy brooding and neurotic. I'm not going to give him a tic and a limp and all the things you want." Cameron envisioned the character as being like those played by James Stewart or Gregory Peck.[13][17] Although Jack Dawson was a fictional character, in Fairview Cemetery in Halifax, Nova Scotia, where 121 victims are buried, there is a grave labeled "J. Dawson". The producers did not know of the real J. Dawson until after the film was released.[18] Kate Winslet as Rose DeWitt Bukater. Cameron said Winslet "had the thing that you look for" and that there was "a quality in her face, in her eyes" that he "just knew people would be ready to go the distance with her".[11] Rose is a 17-year-old girl from Philadelphia, who is forced into an engagement to 30-year-old Cal Hockley so she and her mother, Ruth, can maintain their high-class status after her father's death left the family debt-ridden. Rose boards Titanic with Cal and Ruth as a first-class passenger and meets Jack. Winslet said of her character, "She has got a lot to give, and she's got a very open heart. And she wants to explore and adventure the world, but she [feels] that's not going to happen."[11] Gwyneth Paltrow, Winona Ryder, Claire Danes (who had worked with DiCaprio in Romeo + Juliet the previous year), Gabrielle Anwar, and Reese Witherspoon were considered for the role.[13][19][20][21] When they turned it down, Winslet campaigned heavily for the role. She sent Cameron daily notes from England, which led Cameron to invite her to Hollywood for auditions. As with DiCaprio, casting director Mali Finn originally brought her to Cameron's attention. When looking for a Rose, Cameron described the character as "an Audrey Hepburn type". He was initially uncertain about casting Winslet even after her screen test impressed him.[13] After she screen tested with DiCaprio, Winslet was so thoroughly impressed with him that she whispered to Cameron, "He's great. Even if you don't pick me, pick him." Winslet sent Cameron a single rose with a card signed, "From Your Rose", and lobbied him by phone. "You don't understand!" she pleaded one day when she reached him by mobile phone in his Humvee. "I am Rose! I don't know why you're even seeing anyone else!" Her persistence, as well as her talent, eventually convinced him to cast her in the role.[13] Billy Zane as Cal Hockley, Rose's arrogant and snobbish 30-year-old fiancé, who is the heir to a Pittsburgh steel fortune. He is resentful of Rose's affection for Jack. Cameron initially considered Michael Biehn, whom he had previously collaborated with on The Terminator, Aliens, and The Abyss, for the role,[22] before offering it to Matthew McConaughey,[14] and Rob Lowe said he pursued it.[23] Frances Fisher as Ruth DeWitt Bukater, Rose's widowed mother, who arranges Rose's engagement to Cal to maintain her family's high-society status. Like many aristocratic passengers portrayed in the film, her disposition is elitist and frivolous. She loves her daughter but believes that social position is more important than having a loving marriage. She strongly dislikes Jack, even though he saved her daughter's life. Gloria Stuart as the modern-day Rose Dawson Calvert. Rose narrates the film in a framing device. Cameron stated, "In order to see the present and the past, I decided to create a fictional survivor who is [close to] 101 years, and she connects us in a way through history."[11] The 100-year-old Rose gives Lovett information regarding the Heart of the Ocean after he discovers a nude drawing of her in the wreck. She shares the story of her time aboard the ship and speaks about her relationship with Jack for the first time since the sinking. At 87, Stuart had to be made up to look older for the role.[14] Of casting Stuart, Cameron stated, "My casting director found her. She was sent out on a mission to find retired actresses from the Golden Age of the thirties and forties."[24] Cameron said that he did not know who Stuart was. Fay Wray was also considered for the role, but Cameron said, "[Stuart] was just so into it, and so lucid, and had such a great spirit. And I saw the connection between her spirit and [Winslet's] spirit. I saw this joie de vivre in both of them, that I thought the audience would be able to make that cognitive leap that it's the same person."[24] Bill Paxton as Brock Lovett, a treasure hunter looking for the Heart of the Ocean in the wreck of the Titanic in the present. Time and funding for his expedition are running out. He reflects at the film's conclusion that, despite thinking about Titanic for three years, he has never understood it until he hears Rose's story. Suzy Amis as Elizabeth "Lizzy" Calvert, Rose's granddaughter, who accompanies her when she visits Lovett on the ship and learns of her grandmother's romantic past with Jack Dawson. Danny Nucci as Fabrizio De Rossi, Jack's Italian best friend, who boards Titanic with him after Jack wins two tickets in a poker game. Fabrizio fails to board a lifeboat when the Titanic sinks and is killed when one of the ship's funnels breaks and crashes into the water, crushing him and several other passengers to death.[25] David Warner as Spicer Lovejoy, an ex-Pinkerton constable and Cal's English valet and bodyguard. He monitors Rose and is suspicious about the circumstances surrounding Jack rescuing her. He dies when the Titanic splits in half, causing him to fall into a massive opening. Warner also appeared in the 1979 TV miniseries S.O.S. Titanic, portraying passenger Lawrence Beesley. Jason Barry as Tommy Ryan, an Irish third-class passenger who befriends Jack and Fabrizio. Tommy is killed when he is accidentally pushed forward and shot by a panicked First Officer Murdoch.[25] Alexandrea Owens-Sarno as Cora Cartmell, a young third-class girl who dances with Jack at the Irish party. In a deleted scene, Cora and her family drowned after they were trapped at the locked third-class gate.[25] Camilla Overbye Roos as Helga Dahl, a Norwegian immigrant and third-class passenger who falls in love with Fabrizio. While most of her scenes were cut and the secondary significance of her character was drastically reduced from the original screenplay to the final theatrical cut, Helga is most notably seen clinging onto the rail of the ship's stern with Jack and Rose before slipping into the frigid waters below.[26][27] Amy Gaipa as Trudy Bolt, Rose's personal maid.[25] Historical characters Although not intended to be an entirely accurate depiction of events,[28] the film includes portrayals of various historical figures: The real Margaret Brown (right) providing Captain Arthur Henry Rostron with an award for his service in the rescue of Titanic's surviving passengers Kathy Bates as Margaret "Molly" Brown. Brown is looked down upon by other first-class women, including Ruth, as "vulgar" and "new money". She is friendly to Jack and lends him a suit of evening clothes (bought for her son) when he is invited to dinner in the first-class dining saloon. She was dubbed the Unsinkable Molly Brown by historians because, with the support of other women, she commandeered Lifeboat 6 from Quartermaster Robert Hichens.[29] Some aspects of this altercation are portrayed in Cameron's film. Reba McEntire was offered the role but had to turn it down because it conflicted with her touring schedule.[30] Victor Garber as Thomas Andrews, the ship's builder. Andrews is portrayed as a kind, decent man who is modest about his grand achievement. After the collision, he tries to convince the others, particularly Ismay, that it is a "mathematical certainty" that the ship will sink. He is depicted during the sinking of the ship as standing next to the clock in the first-class smoking room, lamenting his failure to build a strong and safe ship. Although this has become one of the most famous legends of the sinking of the Titanic, this story, which was published in a 1912 book (Thomas Andrews: Shipbuilder) and therefore perpetuated, came from John Stewart, a steward on the ship who in fact left the ship in boat no.15 at approximately 1:40 a.m.[31] There were testimonies of sightings of Andrews after that moment.[31] It appears that Andrews stayed in the smoking room for some time to gather his thoughts; then he continued assisting with the evacuation.[31] Crew of the Olympic, 1911. Left: First Officer William M. Murdoch. Right: Captain Edward J. Smith. Bernard Hill as Captain Edward John Smith.[32] Smith planned to make the Titanic his final voyage before retiring. He retreats into the wheelhouse on the bridge as the ship sinks, dying when the windows burst from the water pressure whilst he clings to the ship's wheel. There are conflicting accounts as to whether he died in this manner or later froze to death in the water near the capsized collapsible lifeboat B.[33] Jonathan Hyde as J. Bruce Ismay, White Star Line's ignorant, boorish managing director. With the prospect of an earlier arrival in New York and favorable press attention, Ismay influences Captain Smith to go faster; although this situation appears in popular portrayals of the disaster, it is unsupported by evidence.[34][35] After the collision, he struggles to comprehend that his "unsinkable" ship is doomed. Ismay later boards Collapsible C (one of the last lifeboats to leave the ship) just before it is lowered. He was branded a coward by the press and public for surviving the disaster while many women and children drowned. Eric Braeden as John Jacob Astor IV, a first-class passenger and the richest man on the ship. In the film, Rose introduces Jack to Astor and his 18-year-old wife, Madeleine (Charlotte Chatton), in the first-class dining saloon. During the introduction, Astor asks whether Jack is connected to the "Boston Dawsons", a question Jack deflects by saying that he is instead affiliated with the Chippewa Falls Dawsons. Astor is last seen as the glass dome over the Grand Staircase implodes and water surges in. Bernard Fox as Colonel Archibald Gracie IV. The film depicts Gracie making a comment to Cal that "women and machinery don't mix" and congratulating Jack for saving Rose from falling off the ship, unaware that Jack saved Rose from a suicide attempt. He is later seen offering to lead Jack and Rose to the remaining lifeboats during the sinking. Fox portrayed Frederick Fleet in the 1958 film A Night to Remember. Michael Ensign as Benjamin Guggenheim, a mining magnate traveling in first class. He shows off his French mistress, Madame Aubert (Fannie Brett), to his fellow passengers while his wife and three daughters wait for him at home. When Jack joins the first-class passengers for dinner after rescuing Rose, Guggenheim refers to him as a "bohemian". Guggenheim is seen in the flooding Grand Staircase during the sinking, saying he is prepared to go down as a gentleman. Wallace Hartley, Titanic's bandmaster and violinist Jonathan Evans-Jones as Wallace Hartley, the ship's bandmaster and violinist, who plays uplifting music with his colleagues on the boat deck as the ship sinks. As the final plunge begins, he leads the band in a final performance of "Nearer, My God, to Thee", to the tune of Bethany,[36][37] and dies in the sinking. Mark Lindsay Chapman as Chief Officer Henry Wilde,[32] the ship's chief officer, who lets Cal board a lifeboat because he has a child in his arms. Before he dies, he tries to get boats to return to the sinking site to rescue passengers by blowing his whistle. After he freezes to death, Rose uses his whistle to attract the attention of Fifth Officer Lowe, leading to her rescue. Ewan Stewart as First Officer William Murdoch,[32] the officer in charge of the bridge when the Titanic struck an iceberg. During a rush for the lifeboats, Murdoch shoots Tommy Ryan, as well as another passenger, in a momentary panic and then commits suicide by shooting himself in the head. When Murdoch's nephew Scott saw the film, he objected to his uncle's portrayal, seeing it as damaging to Murdoch's heroic reputation.[38] A few months later, Fox vice president Scott Neeson went to Dalbeattie, Scotland, where Murdoch lived, to deliver a personal apology and also presented a £5000 donation to Dalbeattie High School to boost the school's William Murdoch Memorial Prize.[39] Cameron apologized on the DVD commentary but stated that there were officers who fired gunshots to enforce the "women and children first" policy.[40] According to Cameron, his depiction of Murdoch is that of an "honorable man," not of a man "gone bad" or of a "cowardly murderer." He added, "I'm not sure you'd find that same sense of responsibility and total devotion to duty today. This guy had half of his lifeboats launched before his counterpart on the port side had even launched one. That says something about character and heroism."[41] Jonathan Phillips as Second Officer Charles Lightoller.[32] Lightoller took charge of the port side evacuation. In the film, Lightoller informs Captain Smith that it will be difficult to see icebergs without breaking water and, after the collision, suggests that the crew begin boarding women and children in the lifeboats. He is seen brandishing a gun and threatening to use it to keep order. He can be seen on top of Collapsible B when the first funnel collapses. Lightoller was the most senior officer to survive the disaster. Film producer Kevin De La Noy as Third Officer Herbert Pitman,[32] who survived the sinking and manned Lifeboat 5 Simon Crane as Fourth Officer Joseph Boxhall,[32] the officer in charge of firing flares and manning Lifeboat 2 during the sinking. He is shown on the bridge wings helping the seamen firing the flares. Ioan Gruffudd as Fifth Officer Harold Lowe,[32] the only officer to lead a lifeboat to retrieve survivors of the sinking from the icy waters. The film depicts Lowe rescuing Rose. Edward Fletcher as Sixth Officer James Moody,[32] the only junior officer to have died in the sinking. The film depicts Moody admitting Jack and Fabrizio onto the ship only moments before it departs from Southampton. Moody is later shown following Murdoch's orders to put the ship to full speed ahead and informs Murdoch about the iceberg. He is last seen clinging to one of the davits on the starboard side after having unsuccessfully attempted to launch collapsible A. James Lancaster as Father Thomas Byles, a second-class passenger and a Catholic priest from England. He is portrayed praying and consoling passengers during the ship's final moments. Lew Palter and Elsa Raven as Isidor and Ida Straus. Isidor is a former owner of R.H. Macy and Company, a former congressman from New York, and a member of the New York and New Jersey Bridge Commission. During the sinking, the couple were offered seats on a lifeboat together. Isidor refused to go before all women and children have been evacuated, and urged his wife Ida to go ahead. Ida is portrayed refusing to board the lifeboat, saying that she will honor her wedding pledge by staying with Isidor. They are last seen lying on their bed, embracing each other as water fills their stateroom; the real Isidor and Ida Straus were also seen in an embrace but were actually seated on chairs in the A Deck before being swept by waves as the ship made its final plunge. Martin Jarvis as Sir Cosmo Duff-Gordon, a Scottish baronet who is rescued in Lifeboat 1. Lifeboats 1 and 2 were emergency boats with a capacity of 40. Situated at the forward end of the boat deck, these were kept ready to launch in case of a person falling overboard. On the night of the disaster, Lifeboat 1 was the fourth to be launched, with 12 people aboard, including Duff-Gordon, his wife and her secretary. The baronet was much criticized for his conduct during the incident. It was suggested that he had boarded the emergency boat in violation of the "women and children first" policy, and that the boat had failed to return to rescue those struggling in the water. He offered five pounds to each of the lifeboat's crew, which those critical of his conduct viewed as a bribe. The Duff-Gordons at the time (and his wife's secretary in a letter written at the time and rediscovered in 2007) stated that there had been no women or children waiting to board in the vicinity of the launching of their boat; there is confirmation that lifeboat 1 of the Titanic was almost empty, and that First Officer William Murdoch was apparently glad to offer Duff-Gordon and his wife and her secretary a place (simply to fill it) after they had asked if they could get on. Duff-Gordon denied that his offer of money to the lifeboat crew represented a bribe. The British Board of Trade's inquiry into the disaster accepted Duff-Gordon's denial of bribing the crew, but maintained that, if the emergency boat had rowed towards the people who were in the water, it might very well have been able to rescue some of them.[42][43] Rosalind Ayres as Lady Duff-Gordon, a world-famous fashion designer and Sir Cosmo's wife. She is rescued in Lifeboat 1 with her husband. They never lived down rumors that they had forbidden the lifeboat's crew to return to the wreck site in case they would be swamped.[44][45][46] Jarvis and Ayres were husband and wife in real life. Rochelle Rose as Noël Leslie, Countess of Rothes. The Countess is shown to be friendly with Cal and the DeWitt Bukaters. Despite being of a higher status in society than Sir Cosmo and Lady Duff-Gordon, she is kind, and helps row the boat and even looks after the steerage passengers. Scott G. Anderson as Frederick Fleet, the lookout who saw the iceberg. Fleet escapes the sinking ship aboard Lifeboat 6. Paul Brightwell as Quartermaster Robert Hichens, one of the six quartermasters and at the ship's wheel at the time of collision. He is in charge of lifeboat 6. He refuses to go back and pick up survivors after the sinking and eventually the boat is commandeered by Molly Brown. Martin East as Reginald Lee, the other lookout in the crow's nest. He survives the sinking. Gregory Cooke as Jack Phillips, the senior wireless operator whom Captain Smith ordered to send the distress signal. Craig Kelly as Harold Bride, a junior wireless operator. Liam Tuohy as Chief Baker Charles Joughin. The baker appears in the film helping Rose stand up after she falls, following her and Jack to the ship's stern, and finally hanging onto the ship's railing as it sinks, drinking brandy from a flask. According to the real Joughin's testimony, he rode the ship down and stepped into the water without getting his hair wet. He also admitted to hardly feeling the cold, most likely thanks to alcohol.[47] In a deleted scene, he's shown throwing deckchairs overboard before taking a drink from his bottle.[48][49] Terry Forrestal as Chief Engineer Joseph G. Bell: Bell and his men worked throughout the sinking to keep the lights and the power on in order for distress signals to get out. The film portrays Bell and all of the engineers as having died in the bowels of the Titanic, however there is evidence to suggest that at least some of the engineers were released to come on deck when the flooding became severe. Greaser Frederick Scott testified to seeing eight engineers between approximately 1:50 and 1:55 a.m. standing up against the electric crane on the starboard Boat Deck; by then, all the lifeboats had gone.[50] Cameos Several crew members of the Akademik Mstislav Keldysh appear, including Anatoly Sagalevich, the creator and pilot of the Mir self-propelled Deep Submergence Vehicle.[51] Van Ling portrayed Fang Lang; his backstory inspired Cameron to produce a documentary The Six, based on a group of Chinese survivors who survived the sinking.[52] Anders Falk, who filmed a documentary about the film's sets for the Titanic Historical Society, makes a cameo appearance in the film as a Swedish immigrant whom Jack Dawson meets when he enters his cabin; Edward Kamuda and Karen Kamuda, then President and Vice President of the Society, who served as film consultants, were cast as extras in the film.[53][54] Pre-production Writing and inspiration Director, writer and producer James Cameron (pictured in 2000) The story could not have been written better had it been fiction ...The juxtaposition of rich and poor, the gender roles played out unto death (women first), the stoicism and nobility of a bygone age, the magnificence of the great ship matched in scale only by the folly of the men who drove her hell-bent through the darkness. And above all the lesson: that life is uncertain, the future unknowable ... the unthinkable possible. —James Cameron[55][56] James Cameron has long had a fascination with shipwrecks, and for him Titanic was "the Mount Everest of shipwrecks".[57][58][59] He was almost past the point in his life when he felt he could consider an undersea expedition, but said he still had "a mental restlessness" to live the life he had turned away from when he switched from the sciences to the arts in college. When an IMAX film, Titanica, was made from footage shot of the Titanic wreck, Cameron decided to seek Hollywood funding for his own expedition. It was "not because I particularly wanted to make the movie," Cameron said. "I wanted to dive to the shipwreck."[57] Cameron wrote a scriptment for a Titanic film,[60] met with 20th Century Fox executives including Peter Chernin, and pitched it as "Romeo and Juliet on the Titanic".[58][59] Cameron said the executives were unconvinced of the commercial potential, and had instead hoped for action scenes similar to his previous films.[13] They approved the project as they hoped for a long-term relationship with Cameron.[13][14][24] Cameron convinced Fox to promote the film based on the publicity afforded by shooting the Titanic wreck,[60] and organized several dives over a period of two years.[55] He also convinced Fox that shooting the real wreck for the film scenes, instead of simulating it with special effects, would provide value: "We can either do [the shots] with elaborate models and motion control shots and CG and all that, which will cost X amount of money – or we can spend X plus 30 per cent and actually go shoot it at the real wreck."[58] The crew shot at the wreck in the Atlantic Ocean 12 times in 1995. The work was risky, as the water pressure could kill the crew if there were a tiny flaw in the submersible structure.[14] Additionally, adverse conditions prevented Cameron from getting footage.[14] During one dive, one of the submersibles collided with Titanic's hull, damaging both sub and ship, and leaving fragments of the submersible's propeller shroud scattered around the superstructure. The external bulkhead of the captain's quarters collapsed, exposing the interior, and the area around the entrance to the Grand Staircase was damaged.[61] Descending to the site emphasized to the crew that the Titanic disaster was not simply a story but a real event with real loss of life. Cameron said: "Working around the wreck for so much time, you get such a strong sense of the profound sadness and injustice of it, and the message of it." He felt a "great mantle of responsibility" to convey the emotional message of the story, as he was aware there might never be another filmmaker to visit the wreck.[24] Cameron felt the Titanic sinking was "like a great novel that really happened", but that the event had become a mere morality tale; the film would give audiences the experience of living the history.[55] The treasure hunter Brock Lovett represented those who never connected with the human element of the tragedy.[51] He believed that the romance of Jack and Rose would be the most engaging element: when their love is finally destroyed, the audience would mourn the loss.[55] He said: "All my films are love stories, but in Titanic I finally got the balance right. It's not a disaster film. It's a love story with a fastidious overlay of real history."[24] After filming the underwater shots, Cameron began writing the screenplay.[60] He wanted to honor the people who died, and spent six months researching the Titanic's crew and passengers.[55] He created a detailed timeline of the events of the voyage and sinking and had it verified by historical experts.[58] From the beginning of the shoot, the team had "a very clear picture" of what happened on the ship. Cameron said "That set the bar higher in a way – it elevated the movie in a sense. We wanted this to be a definitive visualization of this moment in history as if you'd gone back in a time machine and shot it."[58] Cameron was influenced by the 1958 British film about Titanic, A Night to Remember, which he had seen as a youth. He liberally copied some dialogue and scenes, including the lively party of the passengers in steerage,[62] and the musicians playing on the deck during the sinking.[28] Cameron framed the romance with the elderly Rose to make the intervening years palpable and poignant.[55] While Winslet and Stuart believed Rose dies at the end of the film,[63][64] Cameron said "the answer has to be something you supply personally; individually".[10] Scale modeling A ship resembling the Titanic is being built at a port with clear skies and small waves. The reconstruction of Titanic. The blueprints were supplied by the original ship's builder and Cameron tried to make the ship as detailed and accurate as possible.[65][66] Harland & Wolff, Titanic's builders, opened their private archives to the crew, sharing blueprints that were previously thought lost. For the ship's interiors, production designer Peter Lamont's team looked for artifacts from the era. The newness of the ship meant every prop had to be made from scratch.[65] Fox acquired 40 acres of waterfront south of Playas de Rosarito in Mexico and began building a new studio on May 31, 1996. A horizon tank of 17 million gallons was built for the exterior of the reconstructed ship, providing 270 degrees of ocean view. The ship was built to full scale, but Lamont removed redundant sections on the superstructure and forward well deck for the ship to fit in the tank, with the remaining sections filled with digital models. The lifeboats and funnels were shrunk by ten percent. The boat deck and A-deck were working sets, but the rest of the ship was steel plating. Within was a 50-foot lifting platform for the ship to tilt during the sinking sequences. The 60-foot 1/8th scale model of the stern section was designed by the naval architect Jay Kantola using plans of the Titanic's sister ship RMS Olympic.[66] Above the model was a 162-foot-tall (49 m) tower crane on 600 feet (180 m) of rail track, acting as a combined construction, lighting, and camera platform.[51] The sets representing the interior rooms of the Titanic were reproduced exactly using photographs and plans from the Titanic's builders. The Grand Staircase, which features prominently in the film, was recreated to a high standard, though it was widened 30% compared to the original and reinforced with steel girders. Craftsmen from Mexico and Britain sculpted the ornate paneling and plasterwork based on Titanic's original designs.[67] The carpeting, upholstery, individual pieces of furniture, light fixtures, chairs, cutlery and crockery with the White Star Line crest on each piece were among the objects recreated according to original designs.[68] Cameron hired two Titanic historians, Don Lynch and Ken Marschall, to authenticate the historical detail.[14] Production Principal photography began on July 31, 1996[8] at Dartmouth, Nova Scotia, with the modern-day expedition scenes aboard the Akademik Mstislav Keldysh.[51] In September 1996, the production moved to the newly built Fox Baja Studios in Rosarito, Mexico, where a full-scale Titanic had been constructed.[51] The poop deck was built on a hinge that could rise from zero to 90 degrees in a few seconds, just as the ship's stern rose during the sinking.[69] For the safety of the stuntmen, many props were made of foam rubber.[70] By November 15, the boarding scenes were being shot.[69] Cameron built his Titanic on the starboard side as a study of weather data revealed it was a prevailing north-to-south wind, which blew the funnel smoke aft. This posed a problem for shooting the ship's departure from Southampton, as it was docked on its port side. Implementation of written directions, as well as props and costumes, had to be reversed; for example, if someone walked to their right in the script, they had to walk left during shooting. In post-production, the film was flipped to the correct direction.[71] A full-time etiquette coach was hired to instruct the cast in the manners of the upper class gentility in 1912.[14] Despite this, several critics noted anachronisms in the film.[72][73] A pencil-drawing sketch depicting a woman with a somewhat stern face lying on a chair and pillow naked, only wearing a diamond necklace. From the breast down the picture is cut off. Cameron's sketch of Rose wearing the Heart of the Ocean. The scene was one of the first shot, as the main set was not ready.[24] Cameron sketched Jack's portrait of Rose; Winslet posed in a bathing suit.[74][75] Cameron felt the scene had a backdrop of repression and freedom: "You know what it means for her, the freedom she must be feeling. It's kind of exhilarating for that reason," he said.[74][24] The sketching scene was DiCaprio and Winslet's first scene together. "It wasn't by any kind of design, although I couldn't have designed it better. There's a nervousness and an energy and a hesitance in them," Cameron stated. "They had rehearsed together, but they hadn't shot anything together. If I'd had a choice, I probably would have preferred to put it deeper into the body of the shoot." Cameron said he and his crew "were just trying to find things to shoot" because the big set "wasn't ready for months, so we were scrambling around trying to fill in anything we could get to shoot." Cameron felt the final scene worked well.[24] The shoot was an arduous experience that "cemented Cameron's formidable reputation as 'the scariest man in Hollywood". He became known as an "uncompromising, hard-charging perfectionist" and a "300-decibel screamer, a modern-day Captain Bligh with a megaphone and walkie-talkie, swooping down into people's faces on a 162ft crane".[76] Winslet chipped a bone in her elbow during filming and had been worried that she would drown in the 17m-gallon water tank in which the ship would sink. "There were times when I was genuinely frightened of him. Jim has a temper like you wouldn't believe," she said.[76] "'God damn it!' he would yell at some poor crew member, 'That's exactly what I didn't want!'"[76] Bill Paxton was familiar with Cameron's work ethic from his earlier experience, and said: "There were a lot of people on the set. Jim is not one of those guys who has the time to win hearts and minds."[76] The crew felt Cameron had an evil alter ego and so nicknamed him "Mij" (Jim spelled backwards).[76] In response to the criticism, Cameron said, "Film-making is war. A great battle between business and aesthetics."[76] More than 800 crew members worked on the film.[77] On August 9, 1996, during the Akademik Mstislav Keldysh shoot in Canada, an unknown person, suspected to be a crew member, put the dissociative drug PCP into the soup that Cameron and various others ate one night in Dartmouth, Nova Scotia.[13][78] It sent more than 50 people to the hospital.[78] Paxton and Cameron ate the soup and went to the hospital but Paxton decided to leave, telling Cameron "Jim, I'm not gonna hang out here, this is bedlam. I'm gonna ... wander back down to the set and just drink a case of beer."[79] "There were people just rolling around, completely out of it. Some of them said they were seeing streaks and psychedelics," said actor Lewis Abernathy.[13] Cameron managed to vomit before the drug took a full hold. Abernathy was shocked at the way he looked. "One eye was completely red, like the Terminator eye. A pupil, no iris, beet red. The other eye looked like he'd been sniffing glue since he was four."[13][76] The Nova Scotia Department of Health confirmed that the soup had contained PCP on August 27, and the Halifax Regional Police Service announced a criminal investigation the next day. The investigation was closed in February 1999.[80] The person behind the poisoning was never caught.[63][81] The filming schedule was intended to last 138 days but grew to 160 (filming officially wrapped on March 23, 1997).[8] Many cast members came down with colds, flu, or kidney infections after spending hours in cold water, including Winslet. In the end, she decided she would not work with Cameron again unless she earned "a lot of money".[81] Several others left the production, and three stuntmen broke their bones, but the Screen Actors Guild decided, following an investigation, that nothing was inherently unsafe about the set.[81] Additionally, DiCaprio said there was no point when he felt he was in danger during filming.[82] Cameron believed in a passionate work ethic and never apologized for the way he ran his sets, although he acknowledged: I'm demanding, and I'm demanding on my crew. In terms of being kind of militaresque, I think there's an element of that in dealing with thousands of extras and big logistics and keeping people safe. I think you have to have a fairly strict methodology in dealing with a large number of people.[81] The costs of filming Titanic ballooned and eventually reached $200 million,[4][5][6] a bit over $1 million per minute of screen time.[83] Fox executives panicked and suggested an hour of specific cuts from the three-hour film. They argued the extended length would mean fewer showings, thus less revenue, even though long epics are more likely to help directors win Oscars. Cameron refused, telling Fox, "You want to cut my movie? You're going to have to fire me! You want to fire me? You're going to have to kill me!"[13] The executives did not want to start over, because it would mean the loss of their entire investment. The executives initially rejected Cameron's offer to forfeit his share of the profits as an empty gesture, as they predicted profits would be unlikely.[13] Worried about the mounting costs, Fox wanted to find a partner studio to co-finance the film. Fox first approached Universal Pictures as they had picked up the international distribution rights to Cameron's True Lies (1994) when production costs began to mount; however Universal would turn Fox down. Instead, Fox and Paramount Pictures came together in May 1996 following the success both studios had collaborating on the distribution for Mel Gibson's Braveheart (1995), and ultimately agreed to co-finance the film together and split the distribution rights.[84] In an effort to recoup their $135 million investment, Fox sold the domestic rights to the film to Paramount in return for Paramount providing Fox an additional $65 million for production, while retaining international rights; Fox however would still be responsible for any further budget overruns going forward, but also retain all profits from any merchandise sold based on the film as part of the deal with Paramount.[85][86] Cameron explained forfeiting his share as complex. "... the short version is that the film cost proportionally much more than T2 and True Lies. Those films went up seven or eight percent from the initial budget. Titanic also had a large budget to begin with, but it went up a lot more," he said. "As the producer and director, I take responsibility for the studio that's writing the checks, so I made it less painful for them. I did that on two different occasions. They didn't force me to do it; they were glad that I did."[24] Amidst the film's successful box office run, a Fox executive, William Mechanic, commented that "Jim Cameron told us we could have an expensive bad movie or a more expensive potentially great movie. We made our judgment. And we made the best choice."[87] In July 2024, Cameron stated that it was actually co-producer Jon Landau who "bore the brunt of the studio pressure" when Titanic was being made.[88] According to Cameron, Landau "gave his all to provide the time and resources for me to make the film I saw in my head."[88] Post-production Effects Cameron wanted to push the boundary of special effects, and enlisted Digital Domain and Pacific Data Images to continue the developments in digital technology he pioneered on The Abyss and Terminator 2: Judgment Day. Many previous films about Titanic shot water in slow motion, which did not look wholly convincing.[89] Cameron encouraged his crew to shoot their 45-foot-long (14 m) miniature of the ship as if "we're making a commercial for the White Star Line".[90] Afterwards, digital water and smoke were added, as were extras captured on a motion capture stage. Visual effects supervisor Rob Legato scanned the faces of many actors, including himself and his children, for the digital extras and stuntmen. There was also a 65-foot-long (20 m) model of the ship's stern that could break in two repeatedly, the only miniature to be used in water.[89] For scenes set in the ship's engines, footage of the SS Jeremiah O'Brien's engines were composited with miniature support frames, and actors shot against a greenscreen.[91] In order to save money, the first-class lounge was a miniature set incorporated into a greenscreen backdrop behind the actors.[92] The miniature of the Lounge would later be crushed to simulate the destruction of the room and a scale model of a First-Class corridor flooded with jets of water while the camera pans out.[93] The Titanic about to sink into the ocean, with the ship breaking into two parts and with smoke still coming out of the funnels. Unlike previous Titanic films, Cameron's retelling of the disaster showed the ship breaking into two pieces before sinking entirely. The scenes were an account of the moment's most likely outcome. An enclosed 5,000,000-US-gallon (19,000,000 L) tank was used for sinking interiors, in which the entire set could be tilted into the water. In order to sink the Grand Staircase, 90,000 US gallons (340,000 L) of water were dumped into the set as it was lowered into the tank. Unexpectedly, the waterfall ripped the staircase from its steel-reinforced foundations, although no one was hurt. The 744-foot-long (227 m) exterior of Titanic had its first half lowered into the tank, but as the heaviest part of the ship it acted as a shock absorber against the water; to get the set into the water, Cameron had much of the set emptied and even smashed some of the promenade windows himself. After submerging the dining saloon, three days were spent shooting Lovett's ROV traversing the wreck in the present.[51] The post-sinking scenes in the freezing Atlantic were shot in a 350,000-US-gallon (1,300,000 L) tank,[94] where the frozen corpses were created by applying on actors a powder that crystallized when exposed to water, and wax was coated on hair and clothes.[65] The climactic scene, which features the breakup of the ship directly before it sinks as well as its final plunge to the bottom of the Atlantic, involved a tilting full-sized set, 150 extras, and 100 stunt performers. Cameron criticized previous Titanic films for depicting the liner's final plunge as a graceful slide underwater. He "wanted to depict it as the terrifyingly chaotic event that it really was".[14] When carrying out the sequence, people needed to fall off the increasingly tilting deck, plunging hundreds of feet below and bouncing off of railings and propellers on the way down. A few attempts to film this sequence with stunt artists resulted in some minor injuries, and Cameron halted the more dangerous stunts. The risks were eventually minimized "by using computer-generated people for the dangerous falls".[14] A Linux-based operating system was utilized for the creation of the effects.[95] Editing Cameron said there were aspects of the Titanic story that seemed important in pre- and post-production but became less important as the film evolved. He omitted the SS Californian, the ship that was close to the Titanic the night she sank but had turned off its radio for the night, did not hear her crew's SOS calls, and did not respond to their distress flares. A scene involving the Californian was cut, according to Cameron, "because it focuses you back onto that world. If Titanic is powerful as a metaphor, as a microcosm, for the end of the world in a sense, then that world must be self-contained." He said its omission was not "a compromise to mainstream filmmaking" but "about emphasis, creating an emotional truth to the film".[24] During the first assembly cut, Cameron altered the ending. In the original version, Brock and Lizzy see the elderly Rose at the stern of the boat and fear she is going to commit suicide. Rose reveals that she had the Heart of the Ocean diamond all along but never sold it, to live on her own without Cal's money. She allows Brock to hold it but tells Brock that life is priceless and throws the diamond into the ocean. After accepting that treasure is worthless, Brock laughs at his stupidity. In the editing room, Cameron decided that by this point, the audience would no longer be interested in Brock Lovett and cut the scene, so that Rose is alone when she drops the diamond. He also did not want to disrupt the audience's melancholy after the Titanic's sinking.[96] Paxton agreed that his scene with Brock's epiphany and laugh was unnecessary, saying "I would have shot heroin to make the scene work better ... Our job was done by then ... If you're smart and you take the ego and the narcissism out of it, you'll listen to the film, and the film will tell you what it needs and what it does not need."[97] The version used for the first test screening featured a fight between Jack and Lovejoy after Jack and Rose escape into the flooded dining saloon.[98] The scene was written to give the film more suspense, and had Cal offering to give Lovejoy, his valet, the Heart of the Ocean if he can get it from Jack and Rose. Lovejoy goes after the pair in the sinking first-class dining room. Jack attacks him and smashes his head against a window; this is why Lovejoy has a gash later in the film. Test audiences said it would be unrealistic to risk one's life for wealth, and Cameron cut it for this reason, as well as for timing and pacing reasons. Many other scenes were cut for similar reasons.[98] Heart of the Ocean This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (May 2023) (Learn how and when to remove this message) "Heart of the Ocean" redirects here. For other uses, see Heart of the Ocean (disambiguation). For the Heart of the Ocean design, London-based jewelers Asprey & Garrard used cubic zirconias set in white gold[99] to create an Edwardian-style necklace to be used as a prop in the film. The studio designed and produced three variations, very similar but unique and distinguishable in character. Two of them were used in the film while the third went unused until after the film had been released. The three necklaces are commonly known as the original prop, the J. Peterman necklace and the Asprey necklace. The third and final design was not used in the film. After the film's success, Asprey & Garrard were commissioned to create an authentic Heart of the Ocean necklace using the original design. The result was a platinum-set, 171-carat (34.2 g) heart-shaped Ceylon sapphire surrounded by 103 diamonds.[99] This design featured a much larger inverted pear-shaped Ceylon sapphire with a subtle cleft to resemble a heart. The chain for this necklace also featured a mix of round, pear, and marquise cut white diamonds. The bail also featured a heart cut white diamond with another round cut diamond attached to an inverted pear shape diamond which was then attached to the cage of the main stone. The necklace was donated to Sotheby's auction house in Beverly Hills for an auction benefiting the Diana, Princess of Wales Memorial Fund and Southern California's Aid For AIDS. It was sold to an unidentified Asprey client[100] for $1.4 million (equivalent to $2.62 million in 2023), under the agreement that Dion would wear it two nights later at the 1998 Academy Awards ceremony. Since then, this necklace has not been made available for public viewing. Soundtrack Main articles: Titanic: Music from the Motion Picture and Back to Titanic Cameron wrote Titanic while listening to the work of the Irish new-age musician Enya.[101] After Enya declined an invitation to compose for the film,[102] Cameron instead chose James Horner. The two had parted ways after a tumultuous working experience on Aliens,[103] but Titanic cemented a successful collaboration that lasted until Horner's death.[104] For the vocals heard throughout the film, Horner chose the Norwegian singer Sissel Kyrkjebø, commonly known as "Sissel". Horner knew Sissel from her album Innerst i sjelen, and particularly liked how she sang "Eg veit i himmerik ei borg" ("I Know in Heaven There Is a Castle"). He tried around 30 singers before choosing Sissel.[105] Horner wrote the end theme, "My Heart Will Go On", in secret with Will Jennings because Cameron did not want any songs in the film.[106] Céline Dion agreed to record a demo at the persuasion of her husband René Angélil. Horner waited until Cameron was in an appropriate mood before presenting him with the song. After playing it several times, Cameron declared his approval, although worried that he would have been criticized for "going commercial at the end of the movie".[106] Cameron also wanted to appease anxious studio executives and "saw that a hit song from his movie could only be a positive factor in guaranteeing its completion".[14] The soundtrack was the best-selling album of 1998 with sales of over 27 million.[9] Release Initial screening Distribution for Titanic was split between Paramount Pictures and 20th Century Fox; Paramount handling the distribution in the United States and Canada, and Fox handling the international release.[84] Both studios expected Cameron to complete the film for a release on July 2, 1997.[107] The film was to be released on this date "to exploit the lucrative summer season ticket sales when blockbuster films usually do better".[14] In April, Cameron said the film's special effects were too complicated and that releasing the film on that date would not be possible.[14] The studios considered pushing the film to late July or the first week of August, but Harrison Ford, whose film Air Force One was to be released on July 25, is reported to have informed Paramount, which had produced his lucrative Indiana Jones and Jack Ryan franchises, that he would never work with them again if they released Titanic so close to his own film.[108] On May 29, 1997, Paramount pushed back the release date to December 19, 1997.[77] The film's new release date would be shared by Tomorrow Never Dies and Mouse Hunt.[109] "This fueled speculation that the film itself was a disaster." A preview screening in Minneapolis on July 14 "generated positive reviews" and "[c]hatter on the internet was responsible for more favorable word of mouth about the [film]". This eventually led to more positive media coverage.[14] Cameron refused to hold the film's world premiere in Los Angeles.[86] Paramount disagreed with Cameron's decision, but Fox acquiesced and went ahead and held the premiere on November 1, 1997, at the Tokyo International Film Festival,[110][86] where reaction was described as "tepid" by The New York Times.[111] Positive reviews started to appear back in the United States; the official Hollywood premiere occurred on December 14, 1997, where "the big movie stars who attended the opening were enthusiastically gushing about the film to the world media".[14] Box office Including revenue from the 2012, 2017 and 2023 reissues, Titanic earned $674.3 million in North America and $1.583 billion in other countries, for a worldwide total of $2.257 billion.[7] It became the highest-grossing film of all time worldwide in 1998, beating Jurassic Park (1993).[112] The film remained so for twelve years, until Avatar (2009), also written and directed by Cameron, surpassed it in 2010.[113] It would hold the record for being Paramount's highest-grossing film domestically until it was dethroned by Top Gun: Maverick (2022) twenty-five years later.[114] On March 1, 1998,[115] it became the first film to earn more than $1 billion worldwide[116] and on the weekend April 13–15, 2012—a century after the original vessel's foundering, Titanic became the second film to cross the $2 billion threshold during its 3D re-release.[117] Box Office Mojo estimates that Titanic is the fifth-highest-grossing film of all time in North America when adjusting for ticket price inflation.[118] The site also estimates that the film sold over 128 million tickets in the US in its initial theatrical run.[119] Titanic was the first foreign-language film to succeed in India, which claims to have the largest movie-going audience in the world.[120] A Hindustan Times report attributes this to the film's similarities and shared themes with most Bollywood films.[121] Initial theatrical run Titanic received steady attendance after opening in North America on Friday, December 19, 1997. By the end of that same weekend, theaters were beginning to sell out. The film earned $8,658,814 on its opening day and $28,638,131 over the opening weekend from 2,674 theaters, averaging to about $10,710 per venue, and ranking number one at the box office, ahead of Mouse Hunt, Scream 2 and Tomorrow Never Dies. It would go on to surpass The Godfather Part III's record for having the highest Christmas Day gross, generating a total of $9.2 million. For its second weekend, the film made $35.6 million, making it the biggest December weekend gross, surpassing Scream 2.[122] By New Year's Day, Titanic had made over $120 million, had increased in popularity and theaters continued to sell out. In just 44 days, it became the fastest film to approach the $300 million mark at the domestic box office, surpassing the former record held by Jurassic Park, which took 67 days to do so.[123] Titanic would hold this record until 1999 when it was taken by Star Wars: Episode I – The Phantom Menace.[124] Additionally, the film reached the $400 million mark within 66 days, which was the fastest at the time, a record that would be matched by Spider-Man in 2002.[125] Both films would remain so until they were surpassed in 2004 by Shrek 2.[126] Titanic's highest grossing single day was Saturday, February 14, 1998, on which it earned $13,048,711, more than eight weeks after its North American debut.[127][128] On March 14, it surpassed Star Wars as the highest-grossing film ever in North America.[129] It stayed at number one for 15 consecutive weeks in North America, a record for any film.[130] By April 1998, the film's number one spot would be overtaken by Lost in Space, dropping into second place.[131] The film stayed in theaters in North America for almost 10 months before finally closing on Thursday, October 1, 1998, with a final domestic gross of $600,788,188,[132] equivalent to $1140.3 million in 2023[133]. Outside North America, the film made double its North American gross, generating $1,242,413,080[134] and accumulating a grand total of $1,843,201,268 worldwide from its initial theatrical run.[135] Commercial analysis Before Titanic's release, various film critics predicted the film would be a significant disappointment at the box office, especially since it was the most expensive film ever made at the time.[76][136][137][138] When it was shown to the press in autumn of 1997, "it was with massive forebodings", since the "people in charge of the screenings believed they were on the verge of losing their jobs – because of this great albatross of a picture on which, finally, two studios had to combine to share the great load of its making".[137] Cameron also thought he was "headed for disaster" at one point during filming. "We labored the last six months on Titanic in the absolute knowledge that the studio would lose $100 million. It was a certainty," he stated.[76] As the film neared release, "particular venom was spat at Cameron for what was seen as his hubris and monumental extravagance". A film critic for the Los Angeles Times wrote that "Cameron's overweening pride has come close to capsizing this project" and that the film was "a hackneyed, completely derivative copy of old Hollywood romances".[76] It's hard to forget the director on the stage of the Shrine Auditorium in LA, exultant, pumping a golden Oscar statuette into the air and shouting: "I'm the king of the world!" As everyone knew, that was the most famous line in Titanic, exclaimed by Leonardo DiCaprio's character as he leaned into the wind on the prow of the doomed vessel. Cameron's incantation of the line was a giant "eff off", in front of a television audience approaching a billion, to all the naysayers, especially those sitting right in front of him. —Christopher Goodwin of The Times on Cameron's response to Titanic's criticism[76] When the film became a success, with an unprecedented box-office performance, it was credited for being a love story that captured its viewers' emotions.[136] The film was playing on 3,200 screens ten weeks after it opened,[137] and out of its fifteen straight weeks on top of the charts, jumped 43% in total sales in its ninth week of release. It earned over $20 million for each of its first 10 weekends,[139] and after 14 weeks was still bringing in more than $1 million on weekdays.[137] 20th Century Fox estimated that seven percent of American teenage girls had seen Titanic twice by its fifth week.[140] Although young women who saw the film several times and subsequently caused "Leo-Mania" were often credited with having primarily propelled the film to its all-time box office record,[141] other reports have attributed the film's success to positive word of mouth and repeat viewership due to the love story combined with the ground-breaking special effects.[139][142] The Hollywood Reporter estimated that after a combined production and promotion cost of $487 million, the film turned a net profit of $1.4 billion, with a modern profit of as much as $4 billion after ancillary sources.[143] Titanic's impact on men has also been especially credited.[144][145][146] It is considered one of the films that make men cry,[144][145] with MSNBC's Ian Hodder stating that men admire Jack's sense of adventure and his ambitious behavior to win over Rose, which contributes to their emotional attachment to Jack.[144] The film's ability to make men cry was briefly parodied in the 2009 film Zombieland, where character Tallahassee (Woody Harrelson), when recalling the death of his young son, states: "I haven't cried like that since Titanic."[147] Scott Meslow of The Atlantic stated while Titanic initially seems to need no defense, given its success, it is considered a film "for 15-year-old girls" by its main detractors. He argued that dismissing Titanic as fodder for teenage girls fails to consider the film's accomplishment: "that [this] grandiose, 3+ hour historical romantic drama is a film for everyone—including teenage boys." Meslow stated that despite the film being ranked high by males under the age of 18, matching the ratings for teenage boy-targeted films like Iron Man, it is common for boys and men to deny liking Titanic. He acknowledged his own rejection of the film as a child while secretly loving it. "It's this collection of elements—the history, the romance, the action—that made (and continues to make) Titanic an irresistible proposition for audiences of all ages across the globe," he stated. "Titanic has flaws, but for all its legacy, it's better than its middlebrow reputation would have you believe. It's a great movie for 15-year-old girls, but that doesn't mean it's not a great movie for everyone else too."[146] Quotes in the film aided its popularity. Titanic's catchphrase "I'm the king of the world!" became one of the film industry's more popular quotations.[148][149] According to Richard Harris, a psychology professor at Kansas State University, who studied why people like to cite films in social situations, using film quotations in everyday conversation is similar to telling a joke and a way to form solidarity with others. "People are doing it to feel good about themselves, to make others laugh, to make themselves laugh", he said.[149] Cameron explained the film's success as having significantly benefited from the experience of sharing. "When people have an experience that's very powerful in the movie theatre, they want to go share it. They want to grab their friend and bring them, so that they can enjoy it," he said. "They want to be the person to bring them the news that this is something worth having in their life. That's how Titanic worked."[150] Media Awareness Network stated, "The normal repeat viewing rate for a blockbuster theatrical film is about 5%. The repeat rate for Titanic was over 20%."[14] The box office receipts "were even more impressive" when factoring in "the film's 3-hour-and-14-minute length meant that it could only be shown three times a day compared to a normal movie's four showings". In response to this, "[m]any theatres started midnight showings and were rewarded with full houses until almost 3:30 am".[14] Titanic held the record for box office gross for 12 years.[151] Cameron's follow-up film, Avatar, was considered the first film with a genuine chance at surpassing its worldwide gross,[152][153] and did so in 2010.[113] Various explanations for why the film was able to successfully challenge Titanic were given. For one, "Two-thirds of Titanic's haul was earned overseas, and Avatar [tracked] similarly ... Avatar opened in 106 markets globally and was no. 1 in all of them" and the markets "such as Russia, where Titanic saw modest receipts in 1997 and 1998, are white-hot today" with "more screens and moviegoers" than ever before.[154] Brandon Gray, president of Box Office Mojo, said that while Avatar may beat Titanic's revenue record, the film is unlikely to surpass Titanic in attendance. "Ticket prices were about $3 cheaper in the late 1990s."[152] In December 2009, Cameron had stated, "I don't think it's realistic to try to topple Titanic off its perch. Some pretty good movies have come out in the last few years. Titanic just struck some kind of chord."[139] In a January 2010 interview, he gave a different take on the matter once Avatar's performance was easier to predict, saying "It's gonna happen. It's just a matter of time,".[153] Author Alexandra Keller, when analyzing Titanic's success, stated that scholars could agree that the film's popularity "appears dependent on contemporary culture, on perceptions of history, on patterns of consumerism and globalization, as well as on those elements experienced filmgoers conventionally expect of juggernaut film events in the 1990s – awesome screen spectacle, expansive action, and, more rarely seen, engaging characters and epic drama."[155] Critical reception Initial Titanic garnered mostly positive reviews from film critics, and was positively reviewed by audiences and scholars, who commented on the film's cultural, historical, and political impacts.[155][156][157] On review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 88% based on 255 reviews, with an average rating of 8.1/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "A mostly unqualified triumph for James Cameron, who offers a dizzying blend of spectacular visuals and old-fashioned melodrama."[142] Metacritic, which assigned a weighted average score of 75 out of 100, based on 35 critics, reports the film has "generally favorable reviews".[158] Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film a rare "A+" grade, one of fewer than 60 films in the history of the service from 1982 to 2011 to earn the score.[159] With regard to the film's overall design, Roger Ebert stated: "It is flawlessly crafted, intelligently constructed, strongly acted, and spellbinding ... Movies like this are not merely difficult to make at all, but almost impossible to make well." He credited the "technical difficulties" with being "so daunting that it's a wonder when the filmmakers are also able to bring the drama and history into proportion" and "found [himself] convinced by both the story and the sad saga".[160] He named it his ninth-best film of 1997.[161] On the television program Siskel & Ebert, the film received "two thumbs up" and was praised for its accuracy in recreating the ship's sinking; Ebert described the film as "a glorious Hollywood epic" and "well worth the wait," and Gene Siskel found Leonardo DiCaprio "captivating".[162] James Berardinelli stated: "Meticulous in detail, yet vast in scope and intent, Titanic is the kind of epic motion picture event that has become a rarity. You don't just watch Titanic, you experience it."[163] It was named his second best film of 1997.[164] Joseph McBride of Boxoffice Magazine concluded: "To describe Titanic as the greatest disaster movie ever made is to sell it short. James Cameron's recreation of the 1912 sinking of the 'unsinkable' liner is one of the most magnificent pieces of serious popular entertainment ever to emanate from Hollywood."[165] The romantic and emotionally charged aspects of the film were equally praised. Andrew L. Urban of Urban Cinefile said: "You will walk out of Titanic not talking about budget or running time, but of its enormous emotive power, big as the engines of the ship itself, determined as its giant propellers to gouge into your heart, and as lasting as the love story that propels it."[166] Owen Gleiberman of Entertainment Weekly described the film as "a lush and terrifying spectacle of romantic doom. Writer-director James Cameron has restaged the defining catastrophe of the early 20th century on a human scale of such purified yearning and dread that he touches the deepest levels of popular moviemaking."[165] Janet Maslin of The New York Times commented that "Cameron's magnificent Titanic is the first spectacle in decades that honestly invites comparison to Gone With the Wind."[165] Adrian Turner of Radio Times awarded it four stars out of five, stating "Cameron's script wouldn't have sustained Clark Gable and Vivien Leigh for 80 minutes, but, somehow, he and his magical cast revive that old-style studio gloss for three riveting hours. Titanic is a sumptuous assault on the emotions, with a final hour that fully captures the horror and the freezing, paralysing fear of the moment. And there are single shots, such as an awesome albatross-like swoop past the steaming ship, when you sense Cameron hugging himself with the fun of it all."[167] Titanic suffered backlash in addition to its success. Some reviewers felt that while the visuals were spectacular, the story and dialogue were weak.[157] Richard Corliss of Time magazine wrote a mostly negative review, criticizing the lack of interesting emotional elements.[168] Kenneth Turan's review in the Los Angeles Times was particularly scathing. Dismissing the emotive elements, he stated, "What really brings on the tears is Cameron's insistence that writing this kind of movie is within his abilities. Not only is it not, it is not even close."[169] He later argued that the only reason that the film won Oscars was because of its box office total.[170] Barbara Shulgasser of The San Francisco Examiner gave Titanic one star out of four, citing a friend as saying, "The number of times in this unbelievably badly written script that the two [lead characters] refer to each other by name was an indication of just how dramatically the script lacked anything more interesting for the actors to say."[171] Retrospective According to Dalin Rowell of /Film, "With complaints about its lengthy runtime, observations that certain characters could have easily fit onto pieces of floating furniture, and jokes about its melodramatic nature, Titanic is no stranger to modern-day criticism."[172] In 2002, filmmaker Robert Altman called it "the most dreadful piece of work I've ever seen in my entire life".[173] Similarly, French New Wave director and former Cahiers du Cinéma editor Jacques Rivette referred to it as "garbage" in a 1998 interview with Frédéric Bonnaud and was particularly critical of Winslet's performance, who he said was "unwatchable, the most slovenly girl to appear on the screen in a long, long time."[174] In 2003, the film topped a poll of "Best Film Endings",[175] but it also topped a poll by Film 2003 as "the worst movie of all time".[176] In his 2012 study of the lives of the passengers on the Titanic, historian Richard Davenport-Hines said, "Cameron's film diabolized rich Americans and educated English, anathematizing their emotional restraint, good tailoring, punctilious manners and grammatical training, while it made romantic heroes of the poor Irish and the unlettered."[177] The British film magazine Empire reduced their rating of the film from the maximum five stars and an enthusiastic review, to four stars with a less positive review in a later edition, to accommodate its readers' tastes, who wanted to disassociate themselves from the hype surrounding the film, and the reported activities of its fans, such as those attending multiple screenings.[178] In addition to this, positive and negative parodies and other such spoofs of the film abounded and were circulated on the internet, often inspiring passionate responses from fans of various opinions of the film.[179] Benjamin Willcock of DVDActive.com did not understand the backlash or the passionate hatred for the film. "What really irks me ...," he said, "are those who make nasty stabs at those who do love it." Willcock stated, "I obviously don't have anything against those who dislike Titanic, but those few who make you feel small and pathetic for doing so (and they do exist, trust me) are way beyond my understanding and sympathy."[138] In 1998, Cameron responded to the backlash, and Kenneth Turan's review in particular, by writing "Titanic is not a film that is sucking people in with flashy hype and spitting them out onto the street feeling let down and ripped off. They are returning again and again to repeat an experience that is taking a 3-hour and 14-minute chunk out of their lives, and dragging others with them, so they can share the emotion." Cameron emphasized that people from all ages (ranging from 8 to 80) and from all backgrounds were "celebrating their own essential humanity" by seeing it. He described the script as earnest and straightforward, and said it intentionally "incorporates universals of human experience and emotion that are timeless – and familiar because they reflect our basic emotional fabric" and that the film was able to succeed in this way by dealing with archetypes. He did not see it as pandering. "Turan mistakes archetype for cliché," he said. "I don't share his view that the best scripts are only the ones that explore the perimeter of human experience, or flashily pirouette their witty and cynical dialogue for our admiration."[180] In 2000, Almar Haflidason of the BBC wrote that "the critical knives were out long before James Cameron's Titanic was complete. Spiralling costs that led to it becoming the most expensive motion picture of the 20th Century, and a cast without any big stars seemed to doom the film before release. But box office and audience appreciation proved Cameron right and many critics wrong." He added that "the sinking of the great ship is no secret, yet for many exceeded expectations in sheer scale and tragedy" and that "when you consider that [the film] tops a bum-numbing three-hour running time, then you have a truly impressive feat of entertainment achieved by Cameron".[181] Empire eventually reinstated its original five-star rating of the film, commenting: "It should be no surprise[,] then[,] that it became fashionable to bash James Cameron's Titanic at approximately the same time it became clear that this was the planet's favourite film. Ever."[182] In 2017, on the 20th anniversary of its release, the film was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant".[183] The same year, Cameron reviewed the accuracy of the film for the National Geographic program Titanic: 20 Years Later with James Cameron.[184][185] The film's climax has sparked many debates over the years on whether both Jack and Rose should have been able to fit on the floating door and survive, becoming among the most talked about aspects of the film.[186] While at the time of the film's 20th anniversary Cameron stated that it was "kind of silly, really, that we’re having this discussion 20 years later,"[187] in 2023 he conducted a study for the film's 25th anniversary that aired as part of an updated National Geographic retrospective, which suggested it was possible but unlikely and depended on numerous variables.[188][189], after a previous test had been conducted in 2012 by MythBusters.[190][191] It was listed among the 100 best films in an Empire poll and in a later poll of members of the film industry.[192][193] In 2021, Dalin Rowell of /Film ranked it the third-best film of Cameron's career, stating that it is "easily one of his best films, simply because it defied the odds", and considering it "a legitimately remarkable achievement — one that, despite its large budget, has a humble, earnest center. Even with all of the jokes the Internet loves to throw its way, Titanic demonstrates that Cameron is truly capable of everything he can imagine."[172] In 2024, Looper ranked it number 44 on its list of the "50 Best PG-13 Movies of All Time," writing Cameron's immersive visuals, achieved using groundbreaking special effects, transport viewers back in time to the opulence of the Titanic and the heart-wrenching chaos of its final hours. The sheer grandness of the film, combined with its tragic tale, pushed the boundaries of storytelling and visual effects, paving the way for future blockbusters.[194] Accolades Main article: List of accolades received by Titanic At the Golden Globes, Titanic won Best Motion Picture – Drama, Best Director, Best Original Score, and Best Original Song.[195] Winslet and Stuart were also nominated.[196] At the 70th Academy Awards, Titanic garnered fourteen Academy Award nominations, tying the record set in 1950 by Joseph L. Mankiewicz's All About Eve[197] and won eleven: Best Picture (the second film about the Titanic to win that award, after 1933's Cavalcade), Best Director, Best Art Direction, Best Cinematography, Best Visual Effects, Best Film Editing, Best Costume Design, Best Sound (Gary Rydstrom, Tom Johnson, Gary Summers, Mark Ulano), Best Sound Effects Editing, Best Original Dramatic Score, Best Original Song.[198] Winslet, Stuart and the make-up artists were nominated, but lost to Helen Hunt in As Good as It Gets, Kim Basinger in L.A. Confidential and Men in Black.[199][200] Titanic was the second film to receive eleven Academy Awards, after Ben-Hur (1959).[201] The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King matched the record in 2004.[202] In 2017, La La Land would tie the record for having the most Academy Award nominations.[203] Titanic won the 1997 Academy Award for Best Original Song, as well as four Grammy Awards for Record of the Year, Song of the Year, Best Song Written Specifically for a Motion Picture or Television, and Best Female Pop Vocal Performance.[204][205] The soundtrack became the best-selling primarily orchestral soundtrack of all time, spending sixteen weeks at number-one in the United States, and was certified diamond for over eleven million copies sold in the United States alone.[206] It was also the best-selling album of 1998 in the US.[207] "My Heart Will Go On" won the Grammy Awards for Best Song Written Specifically for a Motion Picture or for Television. Titanic also won various awards outside the United States, including the Awards of the Japanese Academy as the Best Foreign Film of the Year.[208] It eventually won nearly ninety awards and had an additional forty-seven nominations from various award-giving bodies around the world. The book about the making of the film was at the top of The New York Times' bestseller list for several weeks, "the first time that such a tie-in book had achieved this status".[14] Titanic has appeared on the American Film Institute's award-winning 100 Years ... series six times. AFI's 100 Years ... 100 Rank Source Notes Thrills 25 [209] A list of the top 100 thrilling films in American cinema, compiled in 2001. Passions 37 [210] A list of the top 100 love stories in American cinema, compiled in 2002. Songs 14 [211] A list of the top 100 songs in American cinema, compiled in 2004. Titanic ranked 14th for Céline Dion's "My Heart Will Go On". Movie quotes 100 [148] A list of the top 100 film quotations in American cinema, compiled in 2005. Titanic ranked 100th for Jack Dawson's yell of "I'm the king of the world!" Movies 83 [212] A 2007 (10th anniversary) edition of 1997's list of the 100 best films of the past century. Titanic was not eligible when the original list was released. AFI's 10 Top 10 6 [213] The 2008 poll consisted of the top ten films in ten different genres. Titanic ranked as the sixth-best epic film. Home media Titanic was released worldwide in widescreen and pan and scan formats on VHS on September 1, 1998.[214] There are two separate cassettes on this release, as the film is divided into two parts.[215] More than $50 million was spent to market the home video release of the film.[216] Both VHS formats were also made available in a deluxe boxed gift set with a mounted filmstrip and six lithograph prints from the movie. In the first 3 months, the film sold 25 million copies in North America with a total sales value of $500 million, becoming the best selling live-action video, beating Independence Day.[9] In that time, it sold 58 million copies worldwide, outselling The Lion King for a total worldwide revenue of $995 million.[9] By March 2005, the film has sold 8 million DVD and 59 million VHS units.[217] In the United Kingdom, the film sold 1.1 million copies on its first day of release, making it the country's fastest-selling home video release. It would hold this record until it was surpassed by Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone in May 2002 when that film sold 1.2 million home video units during its first day.[218] The film would also remain as the fastest-selling DVD in the United Kingdom until Mamma Mia! took it in 2008.[219] Within the first week of release, Titanic quickly beat The Full Monty, selling a total of 1.8 million home video copies.[220] NBC acquired the US television broadcast rights for $30 million, which was considered a bargain.[9] A DVD version was released on August 31, 1999, in a widescreen-only (non-anamorphic) single-disc edition with no special features other than a theatrical trailer. Cameron stated at the time that he intended to release a special edition with extra features later. This release became the best-selling DVD of 1999 and early 2000, becoming the first DVD ever to sell one million copies.[221] At the time, less than 5% of all U.S. homes had a DVD player. "When we released the original Titanic DVD, the industry was much smaller, and bonus features were not the standard they are now," said Meagan Burrows, Paramount's president of domestic home entertainment, which made the film's DVD performance even more impressive.[221] Titanic was re-released to DVD on October 25, 2005, when a three-disc Special Collector's Edition was made available in the United States and Canada. This edition contained a newly restored transfer of the film, a 6.1 DTS-ES Discrete surround sound mix and various special features. In PAL regions, two-disc and four-disc variants were released, marketed as the Special Edition and Deluxe Collector's Edition respectively. They were released in the United Kingdom on November 7, 2005. A limited 5-disc set of the film, under the title Deluxe Limited Edition, was also only released in the United Kingdom with only 10,000 copies manufactured. The fifth disc contains Cameron's documentary Ghosts of the Abyss, which was distributed by Walt Disney Pictures. Unlike the individual release of Ghosts of the Abyss, which contained two discs, only the first disc was included in the set.[138] In 2007, for the film's tenth anniversary, a 10th Anniversary Edition was released on DVD, which consists of the first two discs from the three-disc 2005 set containing the movie and the special features on those discs.[222] The film was released by Paramount Home Entertainment on Blu-ray and Blu-ray 3D on September 10, 2012.[223] The 3D presentation of the film is split over two discs and is also THX-certified. Special features on another disc included many of those featured on the 2005 Special Collector's Edition DVD along with two new documentaries titled "Reflections on Titanic" and "Titanic: The Final Word with James Cameron."[224] The latter aired on National Geographic on April 9, 2012, and was executively produced by Cameron.[225] A 4K release of the film was released on December 5, 2023, on both digital and Ultra HD Blu-ray.[226][227][228][229] After previously being on the Amazon Prime Video streaming service in the U.S. in April 2023, the film became available on Netflix in July 2023 shortly after the Titan submersible implosion.[230][231] The film became available on Paramount+ in October 2023[232][233] and on Prime Video for a period starting in April 2024. [234][235] The film was announced as coming to Hulu in February 2025.[236] It was available on the free ad-supported streaming service Pluto TV in June 2023.[237] Re-release 3D conversion A 2012 3D re-release was created by re-mastering the original to 4K resolution and post-converting to stereoscopic 3D format. The Titanic 3D version took 60 weeks and $18 million to produce, including the 4K restoration.[238] The 3D conversion was performed by Stereo D.[239] Digital 2D and in 2D IMAX versions were also struck from the new 4K master created in the process.[240] The only scene entirely redone for the re-release was Rose's view of the night sky at sea on the morning of April 15, 1912. The scene was replaced with an accurate view of the night-sky star pattern, including the Milky Way, adjusted for the location in the North Atlantic Ocean in April 1912. The change was prompted by the astrophysicist Neil deGrasse Tyson, who had criticized the unrealistic star pattern. He agreed to send Cameron a corrected view of the sky, which was the basis of the new scene.[241] An accurate view of the Milky Way was used to replace Rose's view of the moonless night sky at sea, as in this photo from Paranal Observatory. The view was adjusted to match the North Atlantic at 4:20 am on April 15, 1912. The 3D version of Titanic premiered at the Royal Albert Hall in London on March 27, 2012, with James Cameron and Kate Winslet in attendance,[242][243] and entered general release on April 4, 2012, six days before the centenary of Titanic embarking on her maiden voyage.[244][245][246] Rolling Stone film critic Peter Travers rated the reissue 3+1⁄2 stars out of 4, explaining he found it "pretty damn dazzling". He said, "The 3D intensifies Titanic. You are there. Caught up like never before in an intimate epic that earns its place in the movie time capsule."[247] Writing for Entertainment Weekly, Owen Gleiberman gave the film an A grade. He wrote, "For once, the visuals in a 3-D movie don't look darkened or distracting. They look sensationally crisp and alive."[248] Richard Corliss of Time, who was very critical in 1997, remained in the same mood: "I had pretty much the same reaction: fitfully awed, mostly water-logged." In regards to the 3D effects, he noted the "careful conversion to 3D lends volume and impact to certain moments ... [but] in separating the foreground and background of each scene, the converters have carved the visual field into discrete, not organic, levels."[249] Ann Hornaday for The Washington Post found herself asking "whether the film's twin values of humanism and spectacle are enhanced by Cameron's 3-D conversion, and the answer to that is: They aren't." She added that the "3-D conversion creates distance where there should be intimacy, not to mention odd moments in framing and composition."[250] The film grossed an estimated $4.7 million on the first day of its re-release in North America (including midnight preview showings) and went on to make $17.3 million over the weekend, finishing in third place behind The Hunger Games and American Reunion.[251][252] Outside North America it earned $35.2 million, finishing second,[253] and it improved on its performance the following weekend by topping the box office with $98.9 million.[254] China has proven to be its most successful territory, where it earned $11.6 million on its opening day,[255] going on to earn a record-breaking $67 million in its opening week and taking more money in the process than it did in the entirety of its original theatrical run.[254] The reissue earned $343.4 million worldwide, with $145 million coming from China and $57.8 million from Canada and the United States.[256] With a worldwide box office of nearly $350 million, the 3D re-release of Titanic remains the highest grossing re-released film of all time, ahead of The Lion King, Star Wars, and Avatar.[257] The 3D conversion of the film was also released in the 4DX format in selected international territories, which allows the audience to experience the film's environment using motion, wind, fog, lighting, and scent-based special effects.[258][259][260] 20th anniversary For the 20th anniversary of the film, Titanic was re-released in cinemas in Dolby Vision (in both 2D and 3D) for one week beginning December 1, 2017.[261] 25th anniversary Titanic was re-released in theaters by Paramount domestically and Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures (through the 20th Century Studios and Buena Vista International labels) internationally on February 10, 2023, in a remastered 3D 4K HDR render, with high frame rate, as part of the film's 25th anniversary. For this version, the international prints update 20th Century's logo with the studio's current name, as a result of Disney's 2019 acquisition of the studio.[262] Titanic Live Titanic Live was a live performance of James Horner's original score by a 130-piece orchestra, choir and Celtic musicians, accompanying a showing of the film.[263][non-primary source needed] In April 2015, Titanic Live premiered at the Royal Albert Hall, London, where the 2012 3D re-release had premiered.[264] Other media In 1998, an official tie-in computer game was released, titled James Cameron's Titanic Explorer.[265] The educational game covered the history of the vessel's construction, maiden voyage and sinking, as well as the discovery and exploration of the wreck. The game included deleted footage from the film and extensive 360-degree video footage of the film's sets.[266] In 2020, a board game based on the film, titled Titanic: The Game, was released by Spin Master Games.[267] Scenes from Titanic have been the basis for multiple Internet memes, including one called "It's been 84 years", which features a screenshot or GIF of a close-up of modern-day, elderly Rose and is used to "express impatience with the pace of things".[268][269][270][271] See also List of Academy Award records List of films by box office admissions Titanic: Music from the Motion Picture List of films about the Titanic Britannic (film) Notes Although the Titanic hit the iceberg on April 14, it did not sink until the early hours of April 15. References "Titanic (1997)". Film & TV Database. British Film Institute. Archived from the original on January 14, 2009. Retrieved July 29, 2011. "Titanic". AFI Catalog of Feature Films. American Film Institute. Archived from the original on September 15, 2020. Retrieved February 2, 2018. "TITANIC (12)". British Board of Film Classification. November 14, 1997. Archived from the original on April 27, 2021. Retrieved November 8, 2014. Garrett, Diane (April 20, 2007). "Big-budget bang-ups". Variety. Archived from the original on May 24, 2024. Retrieved November 16, 2009. Wyatt, Justin; Vlesmas, Katherine (1999). "The Drama of Recoupment: On the Mass Media Negotiation of Titanic". In Kevin S. Sandler; Gaylyn Studlar (eds.). Titanic: Anatomy of a Blockbuster. pp. 29–45. Welkos, Robert W. (February 11, 1998). "The $200-Million Lesson of 'Titanic'". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on October 15, 2012. Retrieved December 12, 2009. *Pre-2020 releases: "Titanic (1997)". Box Office Mojo. Archived from the original on October 27, 2019. Worldwide: $2,187,463,944; Original release: $1,843,221,532; 2012 3D Release: $343,550,770; 2017 Re-release: $691,642 2020 Re-release: "Titanic (2020 Re-release)". Box Office Mojo. Archived from the original on March 5, 2023. Retrieved February 20, 2023. 2020 Re-release: $71,352 2023 Re-release: "Titanic (25 Year Anniversary)". Box Office Mojo. Archived from the original on February 27, 2023. Retrieved February 20, 2023. 2023 Re-release: $70,157,472 "Titanic (1997) - IMDb". IMDb. Archived from the original on February 9, 2023. Retrieved November 6, 2022. Graser, Marc (January 11, 1999). "'Titanic' tide tumbles o'seas video records". Variety. p. 7. James Cameron (2005). Audio Commentary (DVD). 20th Century Fox. The big ambiguity here is 'is she alive and dreaming' or 'is she dead and on her way to Titanic heaven?' I'll never tell. Of course, I know what we intended....The answer has to be something you supply personally; individually. "Heart of the Ocean: The Making of Titanic. THE BEST OF". 1997–1998. Ashton, Will (September 15, 2022). "12 Actors Who Could've Been Cast In Titanic". CinemaBlend. Future plc. Archived from the original on December 13, 2022. Retrieved December 13, 2022. James Cameron had originally considered River Phoenix for the role, but the young actor tragically passed away before he could be asked to play the leading man part. "Titanic. Man overboard! After a production as lavish and pricey as the doomed ship itself, James Cameron finally unveils his epic film. But will it be unsinkable?". Entertainment Weekly. November 7, 1997. pp. 1–7. Archived from the original on March 26, 2010. "James Cameron's Titanic". Media Awareness Network. Archived from the original on June 9, 2011. Retrieved January 24, 2010. Setoodeh, Ramin (April 4, 2012). "Leonardo DiCaprio or Kate Winslet: Which 'Titanic' Star Has the Better Career?". The Daily Beast. The Newsweek Daily Beast Company. Archived from the original on November 7, 2016. Retrieved April 23, 2012. Jang, Meena. "'Clueless' Actor: I Was "Heartbroken" After Losing 'Titanic' Role to Leonardo DiCaprio". The Hollywood Reporter. Archived from the original on June 17, 2019. Retrieved June 17, 2019. GQ (November 22, 2022). James Cameron Breaks Down His Most Iconic Films | GQ. Retrieved May 27, 2024 – via YouTube. Gillies, Rob (April 4, 2012). "Titanic: Visiting The Grave Of The Real J. Dawson In Halifax". Huffington Post. Archived from the original on April 7, 2012. Retrieved May 12, 2015. "Star Misses. Nicole Kidman in "The Reader"? Gwyneth Paltrow aboard "Titanic"? How some of the biggest names in Hollywood lost out on some of its biggest roles". Forbes. February 25, 2009. Archived from the original on November 4, 2015. Retrieved January 22, 2010. "'Titanic' Casting: What Other Stars Were Considered For James Cameron's Masterpiece?". Huffington Post. June 22, 2012. Archived from the original on March 13, 2016. Retrieved March 21, 2016. Warrington, Ruby (November 29, 2009). "Claire Danes: the secretive starlet". The Times. London. Archived from the original on June 15, 2011. Retrieved January 22, 2010. Spelling, Ian (February 13, 1997). "'Asteroid's' Michael Biehn Hopes for a Big Impact". Chicago Tribune. Archived from the original on September 5, 2023. Retrieved September 5, 2023. "Why Rob Lowe Left Brothers & Sisters & The West Wing". E! Online. Archived from the original on July 14, 2017. Retrieved July 23, 2017. Schultz, Rick. "James Cameron tells the astonishing story of Titanic, his breathtaking labor of love". industrycentral.net. Archived from the original on February 6, 2010. Retrieved January 23, 2010. Liebenson, Donald (December 18, 2017). "Five Unforgettable Passengers Remember Life Aboard Titanic". Vanity Fair. Retrieved July 24, 2024. Nygaard, Kristian Dam (December 9, 2017). "Danske Camilla var med i Titanic: Sådan er hendes forhold til Leonardo DiCaprio i dag". B.T. (in Danish). Archived from the original on January 3, 2018. Retrieved March 13, 2019. Nygaard, Kristian Dam (December 8, 2017). "Danske Camilla var med i 'Titanic': Så mange penge tjente hun". B.T. (in Danish). Archived from the original on July 20, 2018. Retrieved March 13, 2019. Waites, Rosie (April 5, 2012). "Five Titanic myths spread by films". BBC News. Archived from the original on December 1, 2020. Retrieved September 15, 2019. Barczewski, Stephanie L. (2004). Titanic: A Night Remembered. Continuum International Publishing Group. p. 30. ISBN 978-1-85285-434-8. Archived from the original on January 26, 2021. Retrieved March 31, 2009. Schaffstall, Katherine (February 22, 2019). "Reba McEntire Reveals She Turned Down a Role in 'Titanic'". The Hollywood Reporter. Los Angeles. Archived from the original on February 27, 2023. Retrieved February 26, 2023. ON A SEA OF GLASS: THE LIFE & LOSS OF THE RMS TITANIC" by Tad Fitch, J. Kent Layton & Bill Wormstedt. Amberley Books, March 2012. pp 321–323 Marsh & Kirkland (1998), p. 66. Ballard, pp. 40–41 Beesley, Lawrence (1912). The Loss of the S.S. Titanic. London, England: Heinemann. p. 56. Howells (1999: 31). Jack, Ian (September 26, 1999). "Further, my god, from thee". The Independent. London. Archived from the original on December 26, 2017. Retrieved April 16, 2012. Marshall, Bevil, J (October 1999). "And the Band Played On". Southwest Regional Chapter of the American Musicological Society, Rice University. Houston. Archived from the original on August 9, 2017. Retrieved February 23, 2012. "Nephew angered by tarnishing of Titanic hero". BBC News. January 24, 1998. Archived from the original on October 4, 2017. Retrieved February 19, 2007. "Titanic makers say sorry". BBC News. April 15, 1998. Archived from the original on March 9, 2018. Retrieved February 22, 2007. James Cameron (2005). Audio Commentary (DVD). 20th Century Fox. James Cameron's Titanic, p. 129. British Wreck Commissioner's Enquiry: Report. "Account of the Saving and Rescue of those who Survived: Conduct of Sir Cosmo Duff Gordon and Mr Ismay". Retrieved 8/23/12 at: "British Wreck Commissioner's Inquiry Report". Archived from the original on January 3, 2014. Retrieved February 3, 2014. Reynolds, Nigel (May 2, 2007). "Letter clears 'blackguard of the Titanic'". The Daily Telegraph. London. Archived from the original on July 16, 2007. Retrieved May 5, 2007. Lynch, pp. 183–185 "Sir Cosmo and Lady Duff Gordon at the Titanic Inquiry," The Sketch, May 22, 1912 "Conduct of Sir Cosmo-Duff Gordon and Mr. Ismay". Titanic Inquiry Project. Archived from the original on April 21, 2016. Retrieved January 2, 2006. "British Wreck Commissioner's Inquiry: Day 6". Titanic Inquiry Project. 1999. Archived from the original on September 21, 2017. Retrieved August 3, 2010. Tyler, Adrienne (August 22, 2021). "Titanic Deleted Scenes Honor The Best True Stories Cut From The Movie". ScreenRant. Archived from the original on March 7, 2022. Retrieved March 7, 2022. "Titanic - Deleted Scene - Boat Six Won't Return [HD]". YouTube. June 9, 2014. Archived from the original on March 7, 2022. Retrieved March 7, 2022. "Day 6 - Testimony of Frederick Scott (Greaser, SS Titanic)". British Wreck Commissioner's Inquiry. May 10, 1912. Retrieved April 9, 2020. Ed W. Marsh (1998). James Cameron's Titanic. London: Boxtree. pp. 3–29. Le, Phuong (November 16, 2021). "The Six review – the Chinese survivors who were written out of the Titanic narrative". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved May 1, 2024. Marcus, Jon (April 8, 2012). "A Titanic Obsession". Boston Globe. Archived from the original on May 12, 2014. Retrieved May 11, 2014. Anders Falk (2005). Titanic Ship's Tour (DVD). 20th Century Fox. Marsh and Kirkland, pp. v–xiii "Read an excerpt from James Cameron's -- 'Titanic'". Fox News. Archived from the original on February 19, 2023. Retrieved May 7, 2015. "James Cameron: Playboy Interview". Playboy. December 2009. Archived from the original on July 30, 2010. Retrieved January 19, 2010. Realf, Maria. "An audience with James Cameron. The filmmaker discusses his movies to date and reveals the motivations". Eyeforfilm.co.uk. Archived from the original on November 9, 2020. Retrieved January 21, 2010. Bilmes, Alex (December 14, 2009). "James Cameron is a genial raconteur and self-effacing man, says Alex Bilmes". GQ. Archived from the original on March 26, 2010. Retrieved May 9, 2014. James Cameron (2005). Deep Dive Presentation (DVD). 20th Century Fox. Eaton, John P.; Haas, Charles A. (1999). Titanic: A Journey Through Time. Sparkford, Somerset: Patrick Stephens. p. 205. ISBN 978-1-85260-575-9. Cramer, Steve (2017). "Neoliberal and Social Democratic Versions of History, Class and Ideology in James Cameron's Titanic and Roy Baker's A Night to Remember". Sydney Studies in English. 43. Sydney Studies: 117. S2CID 165242268. Archived from the original on June 29, 2023. Retrieved June 29, 2023. Jon Landau, Kate Winslet, Gloria Stuart, Victor Garber (2005). Audio Commentary (DVD). 20th Century Fox. Beverly Fortune (October 11, 1999). "Wheel of Fortune". Lexington Herald-Leader. That was one of the first questions pitched to 89-year-old actress Gloria Stuart at a book signing Wednesday night at Joseph-Beth Booksellers [...] 'Yes, Old Rose died.' Marsh and Kirkland, pp. 36–38 ewadmin (August 13, 2014). "TITANIC, the Model". Epoxyworks. Archived from the original on July 24, 2022. Retrieved April 21, 2022. Ed W. Marsh (1997). James Cameron's Titanic. p. 21. Ed W. Marsh (1997). James Cameron's Titanic. p. 35. Ed W. Marsh (2005). Construction Timelapse (DVD). 20th Century Fox. Marsh and Kirkland, pp. 130–142 Marsh and Kirkland, pp. 52–54 "Quite a bit of the dialogue is peppered by vulgarities and colloquialisms that seem inappropriate to the period and place, but again seem aimed directly to the sensibilities of young American viewers." McCarthy, Todd (November 3, 1997). ""Titanic" review by Todd McCarthy". Variety. Archived from the original on December 1, 2020. Retrieved February 21, 2009. Howe, Desson (March 25, 1999). "Titanic's very slow leak". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on December 1, 2020. Retrieved February 21, 2009. "Topless drawing of Kate Winslet in Titanic to sell for £10,000". The Telegraph. April 1, 2011. Archived from the original on October 28, 2018. Retrieved October 28, 2018. Huff, Lauren (February 9, 2023). "James Cameron is really the one sketching naked Rose in 'Titanic'". EW.com. Archived from the original on February 4, 2024. Retrieved February 4, 2024. Godwin, Christopher (November 8, 2008). "James Cameron: From Titanic to Avatar". The Times. London. Archived from the original on September 16, 2011. Retrieved January 9, 2010. Weinraub, Bernard (May 29, 1997). "As Problems Delay 'Titanic,' Hollywood Sighs in Relief". The New York Times. Archived from the original on February 12, 2023. Retrieved April 30, 2023. "PCP-laced chowder derails Titanic filming". Entertainment Weekly. September 13, 1996. Archived from the original on November 11, 2020. Retrieved December 3, 2015. "A case of beer? Bill Paxton reveals his remedy for 'Titanic's' PCP-laced chowder". Los Angeles Times. June 17, 2015. Archived from the original on March 11, 2024. Retrieved March 11, 2024. Jacobs, Matthew (December 19, 2022). "25 Years Later, No One Knows Who Spiked the Titanic Chowder". Vulture. Archived from the original on December 19, 2022. Retrieved December 19, 2022. Andrew Gumbel (January 11, 2007). "Lights, cameras, blockbuster: The return of James Cameron". The Independent. London. Archived from the original on January 27, 2012. Retrieved February 5, 2008. "Leonardo DiCaprio Interviewed by Joe Leydon for "Titanic"". YouTube. June 11, 2008. Archived from the original on April 27, 2016. Retrieved August 3, 2010. Marshall, Sarah (December 17, 2017). "The Insane True Story Of How "Titanic" Got Made". BuzzFeed. Archived from the original on December 26, 2017. Retrieved December 27, 2017. Bart, Peter (December 15, 2022). "Peter Bart: James Cameron's 'Avatar' Movies Represent Titanic Commitment In A Changing World". Deadline.com. Archived from the original on December 29, 2022. Retrieved December 28, 2022. Brew, Simon (April 15, 2020). "Titanic, and how Paramount Pictures got an incredible deal on the world's biggest film". Film Stories. Feinberg, Scott (March 9, 2023). "An Oral History of the Epic 'Titanic' Oscars at 25". The Hollywood Reporter. Archived from the original on March 17, 2023. Retrieved March 18, 2023. Weinraub, Bernard (February 2, 1998). "'Titanic' is turning out to be a success on the scale of its doomed subject". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on February 6, 2024. Retrieved February 6, 2024. Thomas, Carly (July 8, 2024). "James Cameron, Leonardo DiCaprio, Kate Winslet and More Remember Jon Landau: "He Gave Everyone a Sense of Purpose and Belonging"". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved July 8, 2024. Marsh and Kirkland, pp. 147–154 Marsh and Kirkland, p. 65 VFX Shot Breakdown (DVD). 20th Century Fox. 2005. VFX How To For First Class Lounge (DVD). 20th Century Fox. 2005. VFX How To Flood A First Class Corridor (DVD). 20th Century Fox. 2005. Marsh and Kirkland, pp. 161–168 Strauss, Daryll (February 1, 1998). "Linux Helps Bring Titanic to Life". Linux Journal. Archived from the original on March 1, 2021. Linux fulfilled the task very well. It handled every job we threw at it. During our testing phase, we used its ability to emulate Digital UNIX applications to benchmark standard applications and show that its performance would meet our needs. The flexibility of the existing devices and available source code gave Linux a definitive advantage. James Cameron (2005). Alternate Ending Commentary (DVD). 20th Century Fox. Lerner, Will (February 27, 2017). "Bill Paxton on the Alternate Ending of 'Titanic' That Audiences Didn't See in 1997". Yahoo! Entertainment. Archived from the original on December 25, 2020. Retrieved September 23, 2018. James Cameron (2005). Deleted scene commentaries (DVD). 20th Century Fox. Davidson, Terry (March 11, 1998). "Real 'Titanic' Necklace to Benefit Diana's Trust: Movie's Paste Necklace Recreated with Real Jewels" (Interview). Interviewed by Diane Sawyer. Archived from the original on August 1, 2020. Retrieved February 24, 2020. Van Der Voort, Jane (February 11, 2001). "Heart of the Matter". The Toronto Sun.[page needed] "Soundtrack to 'Titanic' Rises to No. 1". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on October 21, 2020. Retrieved June 17, 2019. "Ireland's Enya on How Life by the Sea Influenced Her Music". The Wall Street Journal. Archived from the original on October 18, 2020. Retrieved June 17, 2019. "'He was a good friend, and he was very funny': Hollywood director James Cameron on working with Titanic, Avatar and Aliens composer James Horner". Royal Albert Hall. Archived from the original on October 20, 2020. Retrieved June 17, 2019. "James Cameron Remembers Working With James Horner". Vulture. Archived from the original on October 20, 2020. Retrieved June 17, 2019. Hitchner, Earle (March 12, 1998). "In Titanic's Wake: A Voice to Remember . . ". The Wall Street Journal. Archived from the original on December 1, 2020. Retrieved January 8, 2010. Parisi, p. 195 Weinraub, Bernard (April 21, 1997). "Hollywood Braces for Likely Delay Of 'Titanic'". The New York Times. Archived from the original on February 16, 2021. Retrieved February 8, 2014. Drudge, Matt (May 21, 1997). "Drudge: Harrison Ford Holds Up the Titanic". wired.com. Archived from the original on July 9, 2023. Retrieved July 9, 2023. Hewitt, Chris (December 12, 1997). "A crop of holiday movies". Knight-Ridder Newspapers. Syracuse Herald-Journal. p. 72. Archived from the original on November 6, 2024. Retrieved November 6, 2024 – via Newspapers.com. Open access icon "Big in Japan: Titanic's premiere". Entertainment Weekly. November 14, 1997. Archived from the original on April 18, 2012. Retrieved February 11, 2014. Strom, Stephanie (November 4, 1997). "Arts Abroad; Harrison Ford's Not in 'Titanic'? Well, No Matter!". The New York Times. Archived from the original on February 11, 2014. Retrieved February 11, 2014. "It's a Titanic hit". The Tampa Tribune. February 25, 1998. p. 37. Archived from the original on August 22, 2022. Retrieved August 22, 2022 – via Newspapers.com. Open access icon "Cameron does it again as 'Avatar' surpasses 'Titanic'". Newsday. February 3, 2010. Archived from the original on October 23, 2020. Retrieved October 26, 2010. Rubin, Rebecca (August 27, 2022). "'Top Gun: Maverick' Passes 'Titanic' as Seventh-Highest Grossing Release in Domestic Box Office History". Variety. Retrieved October 12, 2022. Paula Parisi (1998). Titanic and the Making of James Cameron. HarperCollins. ISBN 978-1-55704-364-1. Archived from the original on January 25, 2021. Retrieved October 29, 2020. "Titanic sinks competitors without a trace". BBC News. February 25, 1998. Archived from the original on January 11, 2021. Retrieved February 19, 2007. "Titanic becomes second ever film to take $2 billion". The Daily Telegraph. London. April 16, 2012. Archived from the original on April 16, 2012. Retrieved April 16, 2012. "All Time Box Office Adjusted for Ticket Price Inflation". Box Office Mojo. Archived from the original on April 7, 2019. Retrieved June 16, 2018. "Titanic (1997)". Box Office Mojo. Archived from the original on June 29, 2019. Retrieved May 31, 2016. Burns, John F. (April 28, 1998). "Why 'Titanic' Conquered the World; New Delhi". New York Times. Archived from the original on May 21, 2018. Retrieved May 20, 2018. Sharma, Sanjukta (December 24, 2017). "To Titanic, the most Bollywood Hollywood movie ever made". Hindustan Times. Archived from the original on December 1, 2020. Retrieved May 20, 2018. Wilson, Jeff (December 30, 1997). "'Scream 2' losing its voice at box office". Associated Press Writer. The Daily News. p. 8. Archived from the original on June 13, 2022. Retrieved June 13, 2022 – via Newspapers.com. Open access icon "Titanic passes $300 million". North Adams Transcript. February 2, 1998. p. 8. Archived from the original on April 7, 2022. Retrieved April 7, 2022 – via Newspapers.com. Open access icon "'Phantom Menace' pulls another fast one". Quad-City Times. June 20, 1999. p. 33. Archived from the original on March 28, 2022. Retrieved March 28, 2022 – via Newspapers.com. Open access icon "'Spider-Man' Ties 'Titanic' $400 Million Record". Box Office Mojo. July 8, 2002. Archived from the original on March 12, 2022. Retrieved March 12, 2022. Hernandez, Greg (July 3, 2004). "'Shrek 2' setting box office marks". The Los Angeles Daily News. Casper Star-Tribune. p. 41. Archived from the original on March 28, 2022. Retrieved March 28, 2022 – via Newspapers.com. Open access icon "Titanic (1997) – Daily Box Office Results". Box Office Mojo. Archived from the original on November 24, 2020. Retrieved April 17, 2012. "Titanic (1997) – Weekend Box Office Results". Box Office Mojo. Archived from the original on October 18, 2020. Retrieved April 17, 2012. "'Titanic' Refuses to Sink, Passes 'Star Wars' as Top Moneymaker". Los Angeles Times. March 16, 1998. Archived from the original on January 17, 2023. Retrieved January 17, 2023. "BEST RANKING MOVIES by Weekend Rank, 1982–present". Box Office Mojo. Archived from the original on November 24, 2020. Retrieved January 19, 2010. "'Titanic' had lost its space". The Philadelphia Inquirer. April 8, 1998. p. 44. Archived from the original on August 19, 2022. Retrieved August 19, 2022 – via Newspapers.com. Open access icon "Titanic (1997) – Release Summary". Box Office Mojo. Archived from the original on July 7, 2019. Retrieved April 17, 2012. 1634–1699: McCusker, J. J. (1997). How Much Is That in Real Money? A Historical Price Index for Use as a Deflator of Money Values in the Economy of the United States: Addenda et Corrigenda (PDF). American Antiquarian Society. 1700–1799: McCusker, J. J. (1992). How Much Is That in Real Money? A Historical Price Index for Use as a Deflator of Money Values in the Economy of the United States (PDF). American Antiquarian Society. 1800–present: Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis. "Consumer Price Index (estimate) 1800–". Retrieved February 29, 2024. "Titanic (1997) – Overseas Total". Box Office Mojo. Archived from the original on October 18, 2020. Retrieved April 17, 2012. "The Billion Dollar film club". The Daily Telegraph. London. August 1, 2012. Archived from the original on December 1, 2020. Retrieved April 16, 2012. Davis, Jason (March 24, 1998). "Love story that won the heart of the Academy: The love story that stole the world's hearts". BBC News. Archived from the original on December 1, 2020. Retrieved September 11, 2007. Thomson, David (December 10, 2007). "Titanic achievement at the box office". The Guardian. London. Archived from the original on December 1, 2020. Retrieved January 8, 2010. Willcock, Benjamin. "Benjamin Willcock takes a look at the long-awaited special edition of Titanic". dvdactive.com. Archived from the original on October 10, 2008. Retrieved January 19, 2010. Ditzian, Eric (January 4, 2010). "Will 'Avatar' Top James Cameron's 'Titanic' Box-Office Record?". MTV. Archived from the original on December 1, 2020. Retrieved January 8, 2010. Busch, Anita M. (March 6, 1998). "Was Leonardo Robbed?". Entertainment Weekly. Archived from the original on November 9, 2014. Retrieved November 23, 2013. O'Neill, Anne-Marie (January 26, 1998). "Riding the Wave". People. Archived from the original on October 18, 2020. Retrieved January 8, 2010. "Titanic (1997)". Rotten Tomatoes. Fandango Media. Retrieved March 20, 2024. Stephen Galloway (January 18, 2020). "What Is the Most Profitable Movie Ever?". The Hollywood Reporter. Archived from the original on November 16, 2020. Retrieved April 26, 2020. Hodder, Ian (March 6, 2007). "Sniff, sniff ... 7 movies that make guys cry". NBC News. Archived from the original on April 19, 2016. Retrieved January 8, 2010. Rohrer, Finlo (July 16, 2010). "A new type of tear-jerker". BBC News. Archived from the original on December 1, 2020. Retrieved August 5, 2010. Over the years misty eyes have been generated by the death of Bambi's mother, the killing of the kestrel in Kes, the ending of Titanic, or Jenny's death in Love Story. Meslow, Scott (April 6, 2012). "Boys Can Love 'Titanic,' Too". The Atlantic. Archived from the original on December 1, 2020. Retrieved October 22, 2015. Loder, Kurt (October 2, 2009). "Woody Harrelson brings the laughs in a high-spirited monster mow-down". MTV. Archived from the original on December 1, 2020. Retrieved December 6, 2010. "AFI's 100 Years ... 100 Movie Quotes" (PDF). American Film Institute. Archived from the original (PDF) on July 16, 2011. Retrieved January 19, 2010. Pawlowski, A (March 9, 2009). "You talkin' to me? Film quotes stir passion". CNN. Archived from the original on December 1, 2020. Retrieved January 21, 2010. Carroll, Jason (November 23, 2009). "CNN's Jason Carroll interviews director James Cameron about his new film "Avatar." (Video.)". CNN. Archived from the original on November 28, 2009. Retrieved December 20, 2009. Levin, Josh (December 10, 2009). "Here Come the Cats With Human Boobs. Is Avatar destined to flop?". Slate. Archived from the original on October 3, 2018. Retrieved December 20, 2009. Britt, Russ (January 4, 2010). "Can Cameron break his own box-office record? 'Avatar' unprecedented in staying power, international sales". MarketWatch. Archived from the original on October 31, 2020. Retrieved January 4, 2010. Jacks, Brian (January 16, 2010). "EXCLUSIVE: James Cameron Says 'Avatar' Will Beat 'Titanic' To Become Biggest Of All Time". MTV. Archived from the original on January 22, 2021. Retrieved January 17, 2010. Ball, Sarah (January 6, 2010). "How 'Avatar' Can Beat 'Titanic'". Newsweek. Archived from the original on January 26, 2021. Retrieved January 9, 2010. Keller, Alexandra (2014). James Cameron. London, England: Routledge. pp. 73–76. ISBN 978-1-134-70021-9. Archived from the original on April 16, 2015. Retrieved October 25, 2014. Robert A. Rosenstone (2007). Lights, Camera, History: Portraying the Past in Film. Texas A&M University Press. pp. 115–117. ISBN 978-1-60344-503-0. Archived from the original on April 16, 2015. Retrieved October 25, 2014. David S. Kidder; Noah D. Oppenheim (2008). The Intellectual Devotional Modern Culture: Revive Your Mind, Complete Your Education, and Converse Confidently with the Culturati. Rodale, Inc. p. 361. ISBN 978-1-60529-793-4. Archived from the original on April 16, 2015. Retrieved October 25, 2014. "Titanic (1997)". Metacritic. Fandom, Inc. Retrieved February 15, 2021. McClintock, Pamela (August 19, 2011). "Why CinemaScore Matters for Box Office". The Hollywood Reporter. Archived from the original on July 19, 2021. Retrieved July 19, 2021. Ebert, Roger (December 19, 1997). "Titanic Movie Review & Film Summary (1997)". Ebert Digital LLC. Archived from the original on October 6, 2014. Retrieved December 7, 2006. "The Best Films of 1997". Siskel & Ebert. Season 12. Episode 18. January 3, 1998. "Titanic (1997) Review". Siskel & Ebert. Season 12. Episode 14. December 6, 1997. Archived from the original on June 30, 2014. Retrieved February 11, 2014. Berardinelli, James. "A Film Review by James Berardinelli". ReelViews. Archived from the original on November 16, 2018. Retrieved January 19, 2010. Berardinelli, James. "James Berardinelli Top 10 of 1997". ReelViews. Archived from the original on November 16, 2018. Retrieved January 19, 2010. "Titanic (1997) Critical Debates". Chicago Sun-Times. Archived from the original on March 11, 2013. Retrieved January 19, 2010. Giles, Jeff (December 16, 2009). "Total Recall: James Cameron Movies. We take a look at the career of the visionary director of Avatar". Rotten Tomatoes. Archived from the original on December 24, 2009. Retrieved January 19, 2010. Turner, Adrian. "Titanic". Radio Times. Archived from the original on November 20, 2021. Retrieved November 20, 2021. Corliss, Richard (December 8, 1997). "Down, Down to a Watery Grave". Time. Archived from the original on September 29, 2013. Retrieved July 22, 2008. Turan, Kenneth (December 19, 1997). "'Titanic' Sinks Again (Spectacularly)". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on December 19, 2019. Retrieved September 15, 2019. Lubin, pp. 8–9 Shulgasser, Barbara (December 19, 1997). "Talk about disasters". The San Francisco Examiner. Archived from the original on October 19, 2013. Retrieved February 19, 2007. Rowell, Dalin (September 28, 2021). "Every James Cameron Film Ranked From Worst To Best". /Film. Archived from the original on October 27, 2021. Retrieved November 20, 2021. Friedman, Roger (March 23, 2002). "Altman: Titanic Worst Movie Ever". Fox News Channel. Archived from the original on December 19, 2019. Retrieved December 2, 2008. Bonnaud, Frédéric (October 28, 2004). "The Captive Lover – An Interview with Jacques Rivette". Senses of Cinema. Archived from the original on August 18, 2022. Retrieved August 18, 2022. "Titanic voted 'best' film ending". BBC News. October 15, 2003. Archived from the original on March 17, 2007. Retrieved June 15, 2007. "Titanic sinks in worst film poll". BBC News. November 5, 2003. Archived from the original on March 2, 2007. Retrieved June 15, 2007. Davenport-Hines, Richard (2012). Titanic Lives: Migrants and Millionaires, Conmen and Crew. UK: HarperCollins. Stephenson, John-Paul (October 2005). "Reviewing Symbolic Capital". M/C Journal. 8 (5). doi:10.5204/mcj.2423. ISSN 1441-2616. Archived from the original on October 7, 2009. Retrieved September 11, 2009. "Clash of the Titanic". Archived from the original on October 17, 2007. Retrieved October 14, 2007. "He's Mad as Hell at Turan. James Cameron Gets the Last Word on Our Critic's 'Titanic'". Los Angeles Times. March 28, 1998. Archived from the original on March 26, 2010. Retrieved February 22, 2010. Haflidason, Almar (August 2007). "Titanic (1997)". BBC. Archived from the original on January 2, 2009. Retrieved December 26, 2008. Smith, Adam (January 2000). "Review of Titanic". Bauer Consumer Media. Archived from the original on December 19, 2019. Retrieved September 15, 2019. "2017 National Film Registry Is More Than a 'Field of Dreams'". The Library of Congress. Archived from the original on December 13, 2017. Retrieved December 13, 2017. "Titanic: 20 Years Later With James Cameron". www.disneyplus.com. Retrieved January 18, 2025. "9 things we learned from 'Titanic: 20 Years Later With James Cameron'". EW.com. Retrieved January 18, 2025. "A Timeline of the 'Could Jack Have Fit on the Titanic Door' Debate". TIME. July 16, 2019. Archived from the original on March 23, 2024. Retrieved March 23, 2024. Keegan, Rebecca (November 26, 2017). "James Cameron on Titanic's Legacy, the Avatar Sequels' Progress, and the Impact of a Fox Studio Sale". Vanity Fair. Retrieved January 18, 2025. "Watch James Cameron recreate 'Titanic' floating door scene to see if Jack fit with Rose". EW.com. Archived from the original on March 23, 2024. Retrieved March 23, 2024. National Geographic (March 5, 2023). Titanic: 25 Years Later with James Cameron (Full Episode) | SPECIAL. Retrieved January 18, 2025 – via YouTube. "James Cameron conducted forensic analysis to prove Jack's 'Titanic' death: 'He needed to die'". EW.com. Retrieved January 18, 2025. Discovery (October 16, 2012). Titanic Survival Results | MythBusters. Retrieved January 18, 2025 – via YouTube. "The 100 Greatest Movies". Empire. March 20, 2018. Archived from the original on October 13, 2018. Retrieved April 25, 2019. "Vertigo – Hollywood's 100 Favorite Films". The Hollywood Reporter. June 25, 2014. Archived from the original on April 25, 2019. Retrieved April 25, 2019. "50 Best PG-13 Movies Of All Time Ranked". Looper. October 3, 2024. "Titanic sweeps Golden Globes". BBC News. January 19, 1998. Archived from the original on December 1, 2020. Retrieved February 19, 2007. "Nominations for the 55th Golden Globe Awards". BBC. January 17, 1998. Archived from the original on November 9, 2020. Retrieved February 19, 2007. "Can Anything Stop the Raising of Titanic on March 23?". The New York Observer. February 22, 1998. Archived from the original on July 25, 2008. Retrieved December 1, 2010. "The 70th Academy Awards (1998) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. Archived from the original on October 1, 2014. Retrieved November 19, 2011. "'Titanic' ties Oscar record with 11". Daily Press. March 24, 1998. p. 2. Archived from the original on September 3, 2022. Retrieved September 3, 2022 – via Newspapers.com. Open access icon Garner, Chris (March 24, 1998). "A 'Titanic' winner". Gannett News Service. Iowa City Press-Citizen. p. 17. Archived from the original on May 6, 2023. Retrieved May 6, 2023 – via Newspapers.com. Open access icon "'Titanic' vs. 'Ben-Hur'". The New York Times. March 27, 1998. Archived from the original on March 8, 2016. Retrieved March 8, 2016. Germain, David (March 1, 2004). "'Rings' ties record with its 11 Oscars". The Associated Press. Corpus Christi Caller-Times. p. 2. Archived from the original on September 3, 2022. Retrieved September 3, 2022 – via Newspapers.com. Open access icon Lang, Brent (January 14, 2017). "Oscars: 'La La Land' Scores Record 14 Nominations". Variety. Archived from the original on August 29, 2022. Retrieved August 28, 2022. "Past Winners Search – 1998 – 41st Annual Grammy Awards". The Recording Academy. Archived from the original on November 25, 2020. Retrieved February 10, 2014. "41st Annual GRAMMY Awards". The Recording Academy. Archived from the original on November 9, 2020. Retrieved February 11, 2014. "Gold & Platinum – July 28, 2009". Recording Industry Association of America. Archived from the original on June 26, 2007. Retrieved July 28, 2009. "The Billboard 200: 1998". Billboard. Archived from the original on February 8, 2008. "Awards of the Japanese Academy 1998". MUBI. Archived from the original on April 11, 2021. Retrieved April 10, 2021. "AFI's 100 Years ... 100 Thrills" (PDF). American Film Institute. Archived from the original (PDF) on November 19, 2012. Retrieved January 19, 2010. "AFI's 100 Years ... 100 Passions" (PDF). American Film Institute. Archived from the original (PDF) on July 16, 2011. Retrieved January 19, 2010. "AFI's 100 Years ... 100 Songs" (PDF). American Film Institute. Archived from the original (PDF) on July 16, 2011. Retrieved January 19, 2010. "AFI's official PDF of the 1998 and 2007 rankings (registration required)" (PDF). American Film Institute. Archived from the original (PDF) on July 21, 2011. Retrieved January 19, 2010. "AFI's Top Ten Epic" (PDF). American Film Institute. Archived from the original (PDF) on July 16, 2011. Retrieved January 19, 2010. Titanic [VHS] (1997). ISBN 0-7921-5171-2 "Sinking Feeling of Love". Newsday (Suffolk Edition). September 4, 1998. p. 151. Retrieved October 15, 2024 – via Newspapers.com. Sandler, Adam (June 9, 1998). "'Titanic' sets sale". Variety. Archived from the original on June 10, 1998. Retrieved October 5, 2019. Wolf, Jessica (March 16, 2005). "Titanic' Resurfaces for Special Edition DVD". Hive4media.com. Archived from the original on March 18, 2005. Retrieved September 28, 2019. "Potter breaks another UK record". BBC. May 13, 2002. Archived from the original on August 23, 2022. Retrieved August 23, 2022. "Mamma Mia! - The Movie is fastest selling UK DVD ever". "Titanic steams past video sales record". BBC. October 26, 1998. Archived from the original on August 23, 2022. Retrieved August 23, 2022. Arnold, Thomas K (March 28, 2005). "Special editions go full steam ahead". USA Today. Archived from the original on January 25, 2021. Retrieved January 19, 2010. Rich, Jamie S. (December 26, 2007). "Titanic - 10th Anniversary Edition." Archived November 9, 2020, at the Wayback Machine DVDTalk.com. Retrieved December 3, 2020. "Titanic (1997) – Financial Information". Archived from the original on December 1, 2020. Retrieved April 16, 2020. "Titanic Blu-ray, Blu-ray 3D, and DVD Press Release - DVDizzy.com". DVDizzy.com. June 1, 2012. Archived from the original on August 23, 2022. Retrieved August 23, 2022. "National Geographic Channel's Titanic: The Final Word with James Cameron Makes Ratings Splash Leading to 100th Anniversary of Titanic's Sinking". PR Newswire. April 9, 2012. Archived from the original on August 23, 2022. Retrieved August 23, 2022. Faulkner, Cameron (October 16, 2023). "The prettiest version of Titanic is coming on Dec. 5". Polygon. Archived from the original on November 5, 2023. Retrieved November 5, 2023. Nash, Anthony (October 17, 2023). "Titanic 4K Blu-ray Release Date Set, Limited Edition Box Set Announced". ComingSoon.net - Movie Trailers, TV & Streaming News, and More. Archived from the original on November 5, 2023. Retrieved November 5, 2023. Hunt, Bill (March 4, 2023). "It's official: Paramount sets James Cameron's TITANIC (1997) for 4K Ultra HD & 4K Collector's Edition on 12/5!". thedigitalbits.com. Archived from the original on November 5, 2023. Retrieved November 5, 2023. Archer, John (November 15, 2023). "Disney Reveals Full Details Of 'Aliens', 'The Abyss', 'True Lies' And 'Titanic' 4K Blu-Ray Releases". Forbes. Archived from the original on November 16, 2023. Retrieved November 16, 2023. "New Amazon Prime Video Shows and Movies (April 2023)". TVGuide.com. Retrieved January 18, 2025. Hibberd, James (June 26, 2023). "'Titanic' Returning to Netflix, Some Say Too Soon After Titan Sub Tragedy". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved January 18, 2025. Richard, Nate (September 28, 2023). "What's New on Paramount+ in October 2023". Collider. Retrieved January 18, 2025. Watch Titanic Full Movie Online - Try for Free. Retrieved January 18, 2025 – via www.paramountplus.com. "New Amazon Prime Video and Freevee Shows and Movies in April 2024". TVGuide.com. Retrieved January 18, 2025. Larryg (June 1, 2024). "Expiring Titles on Amazon Prime: Expiring Titles June 2024 - July 2024". Expiring Titles on Amazon Prime. Retrieved January 18, 2025. Khosla, Proma (January 16, 2025). "Everything Coming to Hulu and Disney in February 2025". IndieWire. Retrieved January 18, 2025. Spangler, Todd (June 1, 2023). "Pluto TV Adding 200-Plus Free Movies This Summer, Including Indiana Jones and Mission: Impossible Films, 'Titanic,' 'Forrest Gump' and More". Variety. Retrieved January 18, 2025. "Coming in 60 weeks: 'Titanic' in 3D version". The Times of India. October 30, 2011. Archived from the original on May 8, 2014. Retrieved March 27, 2012. "Inside the 3-D Conversion of 'Titanic'". The New York Times. March 30, 2012. Archived from the original on August 6, 2017. Retrieved February 20, 2017. Douglas, Edward (October 12, 2011). "A Preview of James Cameron's Titanic 3D Rerelease". ComingSoon.net (CraveOnline). Archived from the original on November 20, 2011. Retrieved November 18, 2011. O'Neill, Ian (April 2, 2012). "'Titanic' Accuracy Tightened by Neil deGrassee Tyson". Discovery News. Archived from the original on April 30, 2014. Retrieved December 19, 2019. "Titanic: Kate Winslet and James Cameron at 3D premiere". BBC News. March 28, 2012. Archived from the original on April 10, 2014. Retrieved February 11, 2014. "Kate Winslet, James Cameron at Titanic 3D premiere". Yahoo! News. March 27, 2012. Archived from the original on March 2, 2014. Retrieved February 11, 2014. "Titanic Official Movie Site". Paramount Pictures. Archived from the original on February 10, 2012. Retrieved February 7, 2012. Semigran, Aly (February 8, 2012). "'Titanic' in 3-D gets earlier release date". Entertainment Weekly. Archived from the original on December 19, 2019. Retrieved December 18, 2019. "Paramount Pictures, Twentieth Century Fox and Lightstorm Entertainment to Set Sail Again with James Cameron's Oscar-Winning "Titanic" with a Worldwide 3D Re-release on April 6, 2012" (Press release). Paramount Pictures. May 19, 2011. Archived from the original on July 21, 2011. Retrieved May 19, 2011. Travers, Peter (April 5, 2012). "Movie Reviews – Titanic 3D". Rolling Stone. Archived from the original on February 14, 2018. Retrieved April 6, 2012. Gleiberman, Owen (April 4, 2012). "Titanic 3D Review". Entertainment Weekly. Archived from the original on April 14, 2015. Retrieved April 6, 2012. Corliss, Richard (April 4, 2012). "Titanic, TIME and Me". Time. Archived from the original on January 2, 2014. Retrieved April 6, 2012. Hornaday, Ann (April 4, 2012). "'Titanic 3-D' review". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on March 5, 2016. Retrieved April 6, 2012. Young, John (April 5, 2012). "'Titanic 3D' leaves port with $4.4 million on Wednesday, so was the 3-D conversion worth it?". Entertainment Weekly. Archived from the original on October 22, 2015. Retrieved April 8, 2012. Subers, Ray (April 8, 2012). "Weekend Report: 'Hunger Games' Three-peats, Passes $300 Million Over Easter". Box Office Mojo. Archived from the original on April 19, 2012. Retrieved April 17, 2012. Subers, Ray (April 10, 2012). "Around-the-World Roundup: 'Titanic 3D' Can't Stop 'Wrath'". Box Office Mojo. Archived from the original on April 14, 2012. Retrieved April 17, 2012. "Around-the-World Roundup: 'Titanic 3D' Opens to Record-Setting $67 Million in China". Box Office Mojo. April 16, 2012. Archived from the original on April 19, 2012. Retrieved April 15, 2012. Subers, Ray (April 10, 2012). "'Titanic 3D' Has Huge Opening Day in China". Box Office Mojo. Archived from the original on April 14, 2012. Retrieved April 17, 2012. "Titanic 3D (2012) – International Box Office results". Box Office Mojo. Archived from the original on November 9, 2014. Retrieved May 23, 2012. "Titanic 2012 3D Release". Box Office Mojo. Archived from the original on April 11, 2020. Retrieved April 16, 2020. Gilchrist, Todd (April 4, 2012). "'Titanic' Fans Get to Go Down with the Ship in '4DX' – The Hollywood Reporter". The Hollywood Reporter. Archived from the original on August 2, 2020. Retrieved October 28, 2013. Keegan, Rebecca (April 4, 2012). "'Titanic 4DX': Foreign audiences to smell, feel ship's sinking". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on January 19, 2014. Retrieved October 28, 2013. "TITANIC to be Re-released in 4DX™" (Press release). PR Newswire. April 3, 2012. Archived from the original on October 29, 2013. Retrieved October 28, 2013. Evans, Greg (November 15, 2017). "James Cameron's 'Titanic' Floats Again in 2D & 3D December Rerelease". Deadline Hollywood. Archived from the original on November 15, 2017. Retrieved November 18, 2017. Tartaglione, Nancy (June 22, 2022). "'Titanic': Remastered Version Set For Theatrical Release In Time For Valentine's Day 2023". Deadline Hollywood. Archived from the original on June 23, 2022. Retrieved June 23, 2022. "Titanic Live – The Event". Titanic Live. Archived from the original on December 18, 2016. Retrieved December 22, 2016. Palmer, Jason (July 12, 2016). "Titanic Live sets sail for the Royal Albert Hall". Entertainment Focus. Archived from the original on November 16, 2018. Retrieved December 22, 2016. Lisa Schwarzbaum (December 11, 1998). "James Cameron's Titanic Explorer". GeekyHobbies. Archived from the original on May 1, 2023. Retrieved May 1, 2023. "James Cameron's Titanic Explorer". The New York Times. April 8, 1999. Archived from the original on May 1, 2023. Retrieved May 1, 2023. Eric Mortensen (May 3, 2021). "Titanic (2020) Board Game". GeekyHobbies. Archived from the original on August 7, 2021. Retrieved August 7, 2021. Holtermann, Callie (December 19, 2022). "The Unsinkable Memes of Titanic". The New York Times. Retrieved November 6, 2024. Leopold, Jason (July 26, 2024). "Why It Feels Like "84 Years" When Agencies Respond to FOIA Requests". Bloomberg News. Retrieved November 6, 2024. Zwerneman, Brent (December 5, 2023). "25 years since last football title, Aggies look to another new coach for return to prominence". Houston Chronicle. Retrieved November 6, 2024. An Internet meme has made the rounds this fall among Texas A&M fans (and others) of the elderly Rose in the movie 'Titanic' recalling to relative youngsters hanging on her every word, 'It's been 84 years …'. Butler, Bethonie (November 21, 2017). "After 20 years, these 8 Titanic moments still won't die. Unlike Jack". The Washington Post. Retrieved November 6, 2024. Further reading Ballard, Robert (1987). The Discovery of the Titanic. Canada: Grand Central Publishing. ISBN 978-0-446-67174-3. Cameron, Stephen (1998). Titanic: Belfast's Own. Ireland: Wolfhound Press. ISBN 978-0-86327-685-9. Frakes, Randall (1998). Titanic: James Cameron's Illustrated Screenplay. New York: Harper. ISBN 978-0-06-095307-2. Lubin, David M. (1999). Titanic. BFI Modern Classics. London: BFI Publishing. ISBN 978-0-85170-760-0. Lynch, Donald (1992). Titanic: An Illustrated History. New York: Madison Press Books. ISBN 978-0-7868-6401-0. Majoor, Mireille; James Cameron (2003). Titanic: Ghosts of the Abyss. New York: Scholastic. ISBN 978-1-895892-31-4. Marsh, Ed W.; Kirkland, Douglas (1998). James Cameron's Titanic. London: Boxtree. ISBN 978-0-7522-2404-6. OCLC 43745407. Molony, Senan (2005). Titanic: A Primary Source History. Canada: Gareth Stevens. ISBN 978-0-8368-5980-5. Parisi, Paula (1998). Titanic and the Making of James Cameron. London: Orion. ISBN 978-0-7528-1799-6. Archived from the original on September 20, 2023. Retrieved October 29, 2020. Sandler, Kevin S.; Studlar, Gaylyn, eds. (1999). Titanic: Anatomy of a Blockbuster. Piscataway, NJ: Rutgers University Press. ISBN 978-0-8135-2669-0. External links Wikimedia Commons has media related to Titanic (1997 film). Wikiquote has quotations related to Titanic (1997 film). Official website Titanic at IMDb Titanic at the TCM Movie Database Titanic at The Numbers Screenplay of Titanic at The Internet Movie Script Database Paramount Movies - Titanic YouTube video detailing model construction on YouTube vte Yearly highest-grossing films in the United States Films listed as number-one by in-year release 1970s–1980s Star Wars (1977)Grease (1978)Kramer vs. Kramer (1979)The Empire Strikes Back (1980)Raiders of the Lost Ark (1981)E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial (1982)Return of the Jedi (1983)Beverly Hills Cop (1984)Back to the Future (1985)Top Gun (1986)Three Men and a Baby (1987)Rain Man (1988)Batman (1989) 1990s−2000s Home Alone (1990)Terminator 2: Judgment Day (1991)Aladdin (1992)Jurassic Park (1993)Forrest Gump (1994)Toy Story (1995)Independence Day (1996)Titanic (1997)Saving Private Ryan (1998)Star Wars: Episode I – The Phantom Menace (1999)How the Grinch Stole Christmas (2000)Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone (2001)Spider-Man (2002)The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King (2003)Shrek 2 (2004)Star Wars: Episode III – Revenge of the Sith (2005)Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Man's Chest (2006)Spider-Man 3 (2007)The Dark Knight (2008)Avatar (2009) 2010s−2020s Toy Story 3 (2010)Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 2 (2011)The Avengers (2012)The Hunger Games: Catching Fire (2013)American Sniper (2014)Star Wars: The Force Awakens (2015)Rogue One (2016)Star Wars: The Last Jedi (2017)Black Panther (2018)Avengers: Endgame (2019)Bad Boys for Life (2020)Spider-Man: No Way Home (2021)Top Gun: Maverick (2022)Barbie (2023)Inside Out 2 (2024) List of highest-grossing films in the United States and Canada vte Titanic First class facilitiesSecond and Third class facilitiesGrand StaircaseAnimals aboard Sinking Iceberg that sank the TitanicChanges in safety practicesLifeboats Lifeboat No. 1British inquiryUnited States inquiryWreck of the TitanicLegends and mythsConspiracy theories Officers Edward J. Smith (Captain)Henry Tingle Wilde (Chief Officer)William McMaster Murdoch (First Officer)Charles H. Lightoller (Second Officer)Herbert Pitman (Third Officer)Joseph G. Boxhall (Fourth Officer)Harold G. Lowe (Fifth Officer)James Paul Moody (Sixth Officer)Hugh McElroy (Chief Purser)Joseph Bell (Machine Room Manager) Crew members Frederick BarrettHarold BrideWilliam Denton CoxSid DanielsFrank Oliver Evans Frederick FleetLuigi GattiRobert HichensViolet JessopArchie JewellCharles JoughinReginald LeeEvelyn MarsdenWilliam MintramJack PhillipsFrank Winnold PrenticeArthur John PriestGeorge Symons Musicians Wallace HartleyJohn Wesley Woodward Passengers Fatalities Allison familyThomas AndrewsJohn Jacob Astor IVDavid John BowenArchibald ButtThomas BylesRoderick ChisholmWalter Donald DouglasAnnie FunkJacques FutrelleSidney Leslie GoodwinBenjamin GuggenheimJohn HarperHenry B. HarrisWallace HartleyCharles Melville HaysAnn Elizabeth IshamEdward Austin KentJoseph Philippe Lemercier LarocheFrancis Davis MilletHarry Markland MolsonClarence MooreEino Viljami PanulaW. T. SteadIda StrausIsidor StrausJohn B. ThayerFrank M. Warren Sr.George D. WickGeorge Dunton WidenerHarry Elkins WidenerDuane WilliamsGeorge Henry Wright Survivors Rhoda AbbottTrevor AllisonLillian AsplundMadeleine AstorRuth BeckerLawrence BeesleyKarl BehrDickinson BishopMauritz Håkan Björnström-SteffanssonElsie BowermanFrancis BrowneMargaret "Molly" BrownHelen Churchill CandeeCharlotte Drake CardezaLucile CarterGladys CherryMillvina DeanSir Cosmo Duff-GordonLucy, Lady Duff-GordonDorothy GibsonArchibald Gracie IVFrank John William GoldsmithEdith HaismanHenry S. HarperEva HartMargaret Bechstein HaysMasabumi HosonoJ. Bruce IsmayEleanor Ileen JohnsonLouise KinkLouise LarocheMargaret MannionMichel Marcel NavratilAlfred NourneyArthur Godfrey PeuchenJane QuickWinnifred QuickEdith RosenbaumNoël Leslie, Countess of RothesEmily RyersonAgnes SandströmBeatrice SandströmFrederic Kimber SewardEloise Hughes SmithJack ThayerMarian ThayerBarbara WestElla Holmes WhiteR. Norris WilliamsMarie Grice Young Monuments and memorials Australia Bandstand (Ballarat) United Kingdom Engine Room Heroes (Liverpool)Engineers (Southampton)Musicians (Southampton)Titanic (Belfast)Orchestra (Liverpool) United States Straus Park (New York City)Titanic (New York City)Titanic (Washington, D.C.)Butt–Millet Memorial Fountain (Washington, D.C.) Popular culture (cultural legacy) Books The Wreck of the Titan: Or, Futility (1898)A Night to Remember (1955)Polar the Titanic Bear (1995) Films Saved from the Titanic (1912)In Nacht und Eis (1912)La hantise (1912)Atlantic (1929)Atlantik (1929)Titanic (1943)Titanic (1953)A Night to Remember (1958)The Unsinkable Molly Brown (1964)Raise the Titanic (1980)Secrets of the Titanic (1986)Titanica (1992)Titanic (1997)The Chambermaid on the Titanic (1997)The Legend of the Titanic (1999)Titanic: The Legend Goes On (2000)The Boy Who Saw the Iceberg (2000)Ghosts of the Abyss (2003)Tentacolino (2004)Titanic II (2010)The Six (2021)Titanic 666 (2022)Unsinkable (2024) Television "A Night to Remember" (1956)S.O.S. Titanic (1979)Titanic: The Complete Story (1994)Titanic (1996 miniseries)No Greater Love (1996)"A Flight to Remember" (Futurama) (1999)"The Mutants Are Revolting" (Futurama) (2010)Titanic (2012 miniseries)Titanic: Blood and Steel (2012)Saving the Titanic (2012)Titanic: The Aftermath (2012) Theater The Berg (1929) The Unsinkable Molly Brown (1960 musical)Titanic (1974) Titanic (1997 musical) Music "The Titanic (It Was Sad When That Great Ship Went Down)" (folk song)The Sinking of the Titanic (music composition)Titanic (soundtrack album)Back to Titanic (soundtrack album)"My Heart Will Go On" (song)"Nearer, My God, to Thee" (song)Titanique (musical parody)"Dance Band on the Titanic" (song)"Titanic" (song)Titanic Requiem (music composition)"Tempest" (song)Titanic Rising (album) Video games Search for the Titanic (1989)Titanic: Adventure Out of Time (1996)Titanic: Honor and Glory (TBA) Museums and exhibitions SeaCity Museum (Southampton)Titanic Museum (Branson, Missouri)Titanic Museum (Pigeon Forge, Tennessee)Maritime Museum of the Atlantic (Halifax)Titanic Belfast Places Titanic (Canada)Titanic CanyonTitanic Quarter, BelfastCape Race, NewfoundlandFairview Lawn CemeteryMount Olivet Cemetery (Halifax, Nova Scotia)Arrol GantryTitanic, Oklahoma Related Ships RMS BalticRMS OlympicHMHS BritannicSS Mount TempleRMS CarpathiaSS CalifornianCS Mackay-BennettSS BirmaSS FrankfurtReplica Titanic Titanic IIRomandisea Titanic Law RMS Titanic Maritime Memorial ActAgreement Concerning the Shipwrecked Vessel RMS Titanic Others White Star LineDavid BlairHarold CottamHerbert HaddockStanley LordArthur RostronTitanic Historical SocietyTitanic International SocietyEncyclopedia TitanicaHalomonas titanicaeWomen and children firstRobert BallardLa Circassienne au BainTitan submersible implosion Category vte James Cameron FilmographyUnrealized projectsAwards and nominations Films directed Feature Piranha II: The Spawning (1982)The Terminator (1984)Aliens (1986)The Abyss (1989)Terminator 2: Judgment Day (1991)True Lies (1994)Titanic (1997)Avatar (2009)Avatar: The Way of Water (2022)Avatar: Fire and Ash (2025)Avatar 4 (2029) Short Xenogenesis (1978)T2-3D: Battle Across Time (1996) Documentaries Expedition: Bismarck (2002)Ghosts of the Abyss (2003)Aliens of the Deep (2005) Films written Rambo: First Blood Part II (1985)Strange Days (1995)Alita: Battle Angel (2019, also produced)Terminator: Dark Fate (2019, also produced) Produced only Solaris (2002) TV series produced Series Dark Angel (2000–02)True Lies (2023) Documentaries Years of Living Dangerously (2014)Secrets of the Whales (2021)Secrets of the Octopus (2024) Related articles Lightstorm EntertainmentDigital DomainDeepsea ChallengerPristimantis jamescameroniThe Abyss: Incident at Europa Category Awards for Titanic vte Academy Award for Best Picture 1927–1950 Wings (1927–1928)The Broadway Melody (1928–1929)All Quiet on the Western Front (1929–1930)Cimarron (1930–1931)Grand Hotel (1931–1932)Cavalcade (1932–1933)It Happened One Night (1934)Mutiny on the Bounty (1935)The Great Ziegfeld (1936)The Life of Emile Zola (1937)You Can't Take It with You (1938)Gone with the Wind (1939)Rebecca (1940)How Green Was My Valley (1941)Mrs. Miniver (1942)Casablanca (1943)Going My Way (1944)The Lost Weekend (1945)The Best Years of Our Lives (1946)Gentleman's Agreement (1947)Hamlet (1948)All the King's Men (1949)All About Eve (1950) 1951–1975 An American in Paris (1951)The Greatest Show on Earth (1952)From Here to Eternity (1953)On the Waterfront (1954)Marty (1955)Around the World in 80 Days (1956)The Bridge on the River Kwai (1957)Gigi (1958)Ben-Hur (1959)The Apartment (1960)West Side Story (1961)Lawrence of Arabia (1962)Tom Jones (1963)My Fair Lady (1964)The Sound of Music (1965)A Man for All Seasons (1966)In the Heat of the Night (1967)Oliver! (1968)Midnight Cowboy (1969)Patton (1970)The French Connection (1971)The Godfather (1972)The Sting (1973)The Godfather Part II (1974)One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest (1975) 1976–2000 Rocky (1976)Annie Hall (1977)The Deer Hunter (1978)Kramer vs. Kramer (1979)Ordinary People (1980)Chariots of Fire (1981)Gandhi (1982)Terms of Endearment (1983)Amadeus (1984)Out of Africa (1985)Platoon (1986)The Last Emperor (1987)Rain Man (1988)Driving Miss Daisy (1989)Dances With Wolves (1990)The Silence of the Lambs (1991)Unforgiven (1992)Schindler's List (1993)Forrest Gump (1994)Braveheart (1995)The English Patient (1996)Titanic (1997)Shakespeare in Love (1998)American Beauty (1999)Gladiator (2000) 2001–2025 A Beautiful Mind (2001)Chicago (2002)The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King (2003)Million Dollar Baby (2004)Crash (2005)The Departed (2006)No Country for Old Men (2007)Slumdog Millionaire (2008)The Hurt Locker (2009)The King's Speech (2010)The Artist (2011)Argo (2012)12 Years a Slave (2013)Birdman or (The Unexpected Virtue of Ignorance) (2014)Spotlight (2015)Moonlight (2016)The Shape of Water (2017)Green Book (2018)Parasite (2019)Nomadland (2020)CODA (2021)Everything Everywhere All at Once (2022)Oppenheimer (2023) vte Academy Award for Best Sound Editing Sound Effects 1963–1967 Walter Elliott (1963)Norman Wanstall (1964)Treg Brown (1965)Gordon Daniel (1966)John Poyner (1967) Sound Effects Editing 1982–1999 Charles L. Campbell and Ben Burtt (1982)Jay Boekelheide (1983)Kay Rose (1984)Charles L. Campbell and Robert Rutledge (1985)Don Sharpe (1986)Stephen Hunter Flick and John Pospisil (1987)Charles L. Campbell and Louis Edemann (1988)Ben Burtt and Richard Hymns (1989)Cecelia Hall and George Watters II (1990)Gary Rydstrom and Gloria S. Borders (1991)Tom McCarthy and David E. Stone (1992)Gary Rydstrom and Richard Hymns (1993)Stephen Hunter Flick (1994)Lon Bender and Per Hallberg (1995)Bruce Stambler (1996)Christopher Boyes and Tom Bellfort (1997)Gary Rydstrom and Richard Hymns (1998)Dane A. Davis (1999) Sound Editing 2000–2019 Jon Johnson (2000)George Watters II and Christopher Boyes (2001)Ethan Van der Ryn and Mike Hopkins (2002)Richard King (2003)Randy Thom and Michael Silvers (2004)Mike Hopkins and Ethan Van der Ryn (2005)Bub Asman and Alan Robert Murray (2006)Karen Baker Landers and Per Hallberg (2007)Richard King (2008)Paul N. J. Ottosson (2009)Richard King (2010)Eugene Gearty and Philip Stockton (2011)Per Hallberg and Karen Baker Landers / Paul N. J. Ottosson (2012)Glenn Freemantle (2013)Alan Robert Murray and Bub Asman (2014)Mark Mangini and David White (2015)Sylvain Bellemare (2016)Richard King and Alex Gibson (2017)John Warhurst and Nina Hartstone (2018)Donald Sylvester (2019) vte Academy Award for Best Visual Effects 1963–1980 Emil Kosa Jr. – Cleopatra (1963)Peter Ellenshaw, Eustace Lycett, and Hamilton Luske – Mary Poppins (1964)John Stears – Thunderball (1965)Art Cruickshank – Fantastic Voyage (1966)L. B. Abbott – Doctor Dolittle (1967)Stanley Kubrick – 2001: A Space Odyssey (1968)Robbie Robertson – Marooned (1969)A. D. Flowers and L. B. Abbott – Tora! Tora! Tora! (1970)Alan Maley, Eustace Lycett, and Danny Lee – Bedknobs and Broomsticks (1971)L. B. Abbott and A. D. Flowers – The Poseidon Adventure (1972)Frank Brendel, Glen Robinson, and Albert Whitlock – Earthquake (1974)Albert Whitlock and Glen Robinson – The Hindenburg (1975)Carlo Rambaldi, Glen Robinson, and Frank Van der Veer – King Kong (1976)John Stears, John Dykstra, Richard Edlund, Grant McCune, and Robert Blalack – Star Wars (1977)Les Bowie, Colin Chilvers, Denys Coop, Roy Field, Derek Meddings, and Zoran Perisic – Superman (1978)H. R. Giger, Carlo Rambaldi, Brian Johnson, Nick Allder, and Dennis Ayling – Alien (1979)Brian Johnson, Richard Edlund, Dennis Muren, and Bruce Nicholson – The Empire Strikes Back (1980) 1981–2000 Richard Edlund, Kit West, Bruce Nicholson, and Joe Johnston – Raiders of the Lost Ark (1981)Carlo Rambaldi, Dennis Muren, and Kenneth F. Smith – E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial (1982)Richard Edlund, Dennis Muren, Ken Ralston, and Phil Tippett – Return of the Jedi (1983)Dennis Muren, Michael J. McAlister, Lorne Peterson, and George Gibbs – Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom (1984)Ken Ralston, Ralph McQuarrie, Scott Farrar, and David Berry – Cocoon (1985)Robert Skotak, Stan Winston, John Richardson, and Suzanne M. Benson – Aliens (1986)Dennis Muren, Bill George, Harley Jessup, and Kenneth F. Smith - Innerspace (1987)Ken Ralston, Richard Williams, Edward Jones, and George Gibbs – Who Framed Roger Rabbit (1988)John Bruno, Dennis Muren, Hoyt Yeatman, and Dennis Skotak – The Abyss (1989)Eric Brevig, Rob Bottin, Tim McGovern, and Alex Funke – Total Recall (1990)Dennis Muren, Stan Winston, Gene Warren Jr., and Robert Skotak – Terminator 2: Judgment Day (1991)Ken Ralston, Doug Chiang, Douglas Smythe, and Tom Woodruff Jr. – Death Becomes Her (1992)Dennis Muren, Stan Winston, Phil Tippett, and Michael Lantieri – Jurassic Park (1993)Ken Ralston, George Murphy, Stephen Rosenbaum, and Allen Hall – Forrest Gump (1994)Scott E. Anderson, Charles Gibson, Neal Scanlan, and John Cox – Babe (1995)Volker Engel, Douglas Smith, Clay Pinney, and Joe Viskocil – Independence Day (1996)Robert Legato, Mark Lasoff, Thomas L. Fisher, and Michael Kanfer – Titanic (1997)Joel Hynek, Nicholas Brooks, Stuart Robertson, and Kevin Mack – What Dreams May Come (1998)John Gaeta, Janek Sirrs, Steve Courtley, and Jon Thum – The Matrix (1999)John Nelson, Neil Corbould, Tim Burke, and Rob Harvey – Gladiator (2000) 2001–2020 Jim Rygiel, Randall William Cook, Richard Taylor, and Mark Stetson – The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring (2001)Jim Rygiel, Joe Letteri, Randall William Cook, and Alex Funke – The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers (2002)Jim Rygiel, Joe Letteri, Randall William Cook, and Alex Funke – The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King (2003)John Dykstra, Scott Stokdyk, Anthony LaMolinara, and John Frazier – Spider-Man 2 (2004)Joe Letteri, Brian Van't Hul, Christian Rivers, and Richard Taylor – King Kong (2005)John Knoll, Hal Hickel, Charles Gibson, and Allen Hall – Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Man's Chest (2006)Michael L. Fink, Bill Westenhofer, Ben Morris, and Trevor Wood – The Golden Compass (2007)Eric Barba, Steve Preeg, Burt Dalton, and Craig Barron – The Curious Case of Benjamin Button (2008)Joe Letteri, Stephen Rosenbaum, Richard Baneham, and Andrew R. Jones – Avatar (2009)Paul Franklin, Chris Corbould, Andrew Lockley, and Peter Bebb – Inception (2010)Robert Legato, Joss Williams, Ben Grossmann, and Alex Henning – Hugo (2011)Bill Westenhofer, Guillaume Rocheron, Erik-Jan de Boer, and Donald R. Elliott – Life of Pi (2012)Tim Webber, Chris Lawrence, Dave Shirk, and Neil Corbould – Gravity (2013)Paul Franklin, Andrew Lockley, Ian Hunter, and Scott R. Fisher – Interstellar (2014)Mark Williams Ardington, Sara Bennett, Paul Norris, and Andrew Whitehurst – Ex Machina (2015)Robert Legato, Adam Valdez, Andrew R. Jones, and Dan Lemmon – The Jungle Book (2016)John Nelson, Gerd Nefzer, Paul Lambert, and Richard R. Hoover – Blade Runner 2049 (2017)Paul Lambert, Ian Hunter, Tristan Myles, and J. D. Schwalm – First Man (2018)Guillaume Rocheron, Greg Butler, and Dominic Tuohy – 1917 (2019)Andrew Jackson, David Lee, Andrew Lockley, and Scott R. Fisher – Tenet (2020) 2021–present Paul Lambert, Tristan Myles, Brian Connor, and Gerd Nefzer – Dune (2021)Joe Letteri, Richard Baneham, Eric Saindon, and Daniel Barrett – Avatar: The Way of Water (2022)Takashi Yamazaki, Kiyoko Shibuya, Masaki Takahashi, and Tatsuji Nojima – Godzilla Minus One (2023) vte Blue Ribbon Award for Best Foreign Film Sunset Boulevard (1951)Monsieur Verdoux (1952)Forbidden Games (1953)The Wages of Fear (1954)East of Eden (1955)Gervaise (1956)La Strada (1957)The Old Man and the Sea (1958)12 Angry Men (1959)On the Beach (1960)Two Women (1961)The Grapes of Wrath (1962)Sundays and Cybele (1963)Lilies of the Field (1964)Mary Poppins (1965)A Man and a Woman (1966)Lenny (1975)Taxi Driver (1976)Rocky (1977)Conversation Piece (1978)The Deer Hunter (1979)Kramer vs. Kramer (1980)The Tin Drum (1981)E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial (1982)Flashdance (1983)The Right Stuff (1984)Witness (1985)The Color Purple (1986)The Untouchables (1987)Wings of Desire (1988)Die Hard (1989)Field of Dreams (1990)The Silence of the Lambs (1991)JFK (1992)Jurassic Park (1993)Pulp Fiction (1994)The Bridges of Madison County (1995)Seven (1996)Titanic (1997)L.A. Confidential (1998)Life Is Beautiful (1999)Dancer in the Dark (2000)Joint Security Area (2001)Shaolin Soccer (2002)Infernal Affairs (2003)Mystic River (2004)Million Dollar Baby (2005)Flags of Our Fathers (2006)Dreamgirls (2007)The Dark Knight (2008)Gran Torino (2009)District 9 (2010)Black Swan (2011)Les Misérables (2012)Gravity (2013)Jersey Boys (2014)Mad Max: Fury Road (2015)Rogue One (2016)Hidden Figures (2017)Bohemian Rhapsody (2018)Joker (2019)Parasite (2020)No Time to Die (2021)Top Gun: Maverick (2022)The Super Mario Bros. Movie (2023)Oppenheimer (2024) vte Empire Award for Best Film Braveheart (1996)Se7en (1997)Men in Black (1998)Titanic (1999)The Matrix (2000)Gladiator (2001)The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring (2002)The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers (2003)The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King (2004)The Bourne Supremacy (2005)King Kong (2006)Casino Royale (2007)The Bourne Ultimatum (2008)The Dark Knight (2009)Avatar (2010)Inception (2011)Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 2 (2012)Skyfall (2013)Gravity (2014)Interstellar (2015)The Revenant (2016)Rogue One (2017)Star Wars: The Last Jedi (2018) vte Florida Film Critics Circle Award for Best Film Fargo (1996)Titanic (1997)Shakespeare in Love (1998)Magnolia (1999)Traffic (2000)Amélie (2001)Adaptation (2002)The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King (2003)Sideways (2004)Brokeback Mountain (2005)The Departed (2006)No Country for Old Men (2007)Slumdog Millionaire (2008)Up in the Air (2009)The Social Network (2010)The Descendants (2011)Argo (2012)12 Years a Slave (2013)Birdman or (The Unexpected Virtue of Ignorance) (2014)Mad Max: Fury Road (2015)The Lobster (2016)Dunkirk (2017)The Favourite (2018)Portrait of a Lady on Fire (2019)First Cow (2020)The Power of the Dog (2021)Everything Everywhere All at Once (2022)The Boy and the Heron (2023)The Beast (2024) vte Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture – Drama 1943–1975 The Song of Bernadette (1943)Going My Way (1944)The Lost Weekend (1945)The Best Years of Our Lives (1946)Gentleman's Agreement (1947)Johnny Belinda / The Treasure of the Sierra Madre (1948)All the King's Men (1949)Sunset Boulevard (1950)A Place in the Sun (1951)The Greatest Show on Earth (1952)The Robe (1953)On the Waterfront (1954)East of Eden (1955)Around the World in 80 Days (1956)The Bridge on the River Kwai (1957)The Defiant Ones (1958)Ben-Hur (1959)Spartacus (1960)The Guns of Navarone (1961)Lawrence of Arabia (1962)The Cardinal (1963)Becket (1964)Doctor Zhivago (1965)A Man for All Seasons (1966)In the Heat of the Night (1967)The Lion in Winter (1968)Anne of the Thousand Days (1969)Love Story (1970)The French Connection (1971)The Godfather (1972)The Exorcist (1973)Chinatown (1974)One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest (1975) 1976–2000 Rocky (1976)The Turning Point (1977)Midnight Express (1978)Kramer vs. Kramer (1979)Ordinary People (1980)On Golden Pond (1981)E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial (1982)Terms of Endearment (1983)Amadeus (1984)Out of Africa (1985)Platoon (1986)The Last Emperor (1987)Rain Man (1988)Born on the Fourth of July (1989)Dances With Wolves (1990)Bugsy (1991)Scent of a Woman (1992)Schindler's List (1993)Forrest Gump (1994)Sense and Sensibility (1995)The English Patient (1996)Titanic (1997)Saving Private Ryan (1998)American Beauty (1999)Gladiator (2000) 2001–present A Beautiful Mind (2001)The Hours (2002)The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King (2003)The Aviator (2004)Brokeback Mountain (2005)Babel (2006)Atonement (2007)Slumdog Millionaire (2008)Avatar (2009)The Social Network (2010)The Descendants (2011)Argo (2012)12 Years a Slave (2013)Boyhood (2014)The Revenant (2015)Moonlight (2016)Three Billboards Outside Ebbing, Missouri (2017)Bohemian Rhapsody (2018)1917 (2019)Nomadland (2020)The Power of the Dog (2021)The Fabelmans (2022)Oppenheimer (2023)The Brutalist (2024) vte Japan Academy Film Prize for Outstanding Foreign Language Film Rocky (1978)Conversation Piece (1979)The Deer Hunter (1980)Kramer vs. Kramer (1981)The Tin Drum (1982)E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial (1983)An Officer and a Gentleman (1984)Once Upon a Time in America (1985)Amadeus (1986)Back to the Future (1987)Platoon (1988)The Last Emperor (1989)Die Hard (1990)Field of Dreams (1991)Dances With Wolves (1992)JFK (1993)Jurassic Park (1994)Schindler's List (1995)The Shawshank Redemption (1996)Il Postino: The Postman (1997)Titanic (1998)L.A. Confidential (1999)The Sixth Sense (2000)Dancer in the Dark (2001)Billy Elliot (2002)Monster's Ball (2003)The Pianist (2004)The Last Samurai (2005)Million Dollar Baby (2006)Flags of Our Fathers (2007)Letters from Iwo Jima (2008)The Dark Knight (2009)Gran Torino (2010)Avatar (2011)The King's Speech (2012)The Intouchables (2013)Les Misérables (2014)Frozen (2015)American Sniper (2016)Sully (2017)La La Land (2018)Bohemian Rhapsody (2019)Joker (2020)Parasite (2021)No Time to Die (2022)Top Gun: Maverick (2023)Mission: Impossible – Dead Reckoning Part One (2024) vte Kids' Choice Award for Favorite Movie Beverly Hills Cop II (1988)Who Framed Roger Rabbit (1989)Look Who's Talking (1990)Home Alone (1991)The Addams Family (1992)Jurassic Park (1994)The Lion King (1995)Ace Ventura: When Nature Calls (1996)Independence Day (1997)Titanic (1998)The Rugrats Movie (1999)Big Daddy (2000)How the Grinch Stole Christmas (2001)Rush Hour 2 (2002)Austin Powers in Goldmember (2003)Finding Nemo (2004)The Incredibles (2005)Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire (2006)Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Man's Chest (2007)Alvin and the Chipmunks (2008)High School Musical 3: Senior Year (2009)Alvin and the Chipmunks: The Squeakquel (2010)The Karate Kid (2011)Alvin and the Chipmunks: Chipwrecked (2012)The Hunger Games (2013)The Hunger Games: Catching Fire (2014)The Hunger Games: Mockingjay – Part 1 (2015)Star Wars: The Force Awakens (2016)Ghostbusters (2017)Jumanji: Welcome to the Jungle (2018)Avengers: Infinity War (2019)Avengers: Endgame (2020)Wonder Woman 1984 (2021)Spider-Man: No Way Home (2022)Sonic the Hedgehog 2 (2023)Barbie (2024) vte MTV Movie & TV Award for Best Movie Best Movie (1992–2011, 2018–present) Terminator 2: Judgment Day (1992)A Few Good Men (1993)Menace II Society (1994)Pulp Fiction (1995)Seven (1996)Scream (1997)Titanic (1998)There's Something About Mary (1999)The Matrix (2000)Gladiator (2001)The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring (2002)The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers (2003)The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King (2004)Napoleon Dynamite (2005)Wedding Crashers (2006)Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Man's Chest (2007)Transformers (2008)Twilight (2009)The Twilight Saga: New Moon (2010)The Twilight Saga: Eclipse (2011)Black Panther (2018)Avengers: Endgame (2019)No Award (2020)To All the Boys: Always and Forever (2021)Spider-Man: No Way Home (2022)Scream VI (2023) Movie of the Year (2012–2017) The Twilight Saga: Breaking Dawn – Part 1 (2012)The Avengers (2013)The Hunger Games: Catching Fire (2014)The Fault in Our Stars (2015)Star Wars: The Force Awakens (2016)Beauty and the Beast (2017) vte Producers Guild of America Award for Best Theatrical Motion Picture Driving Miss Daisy (1989)Dances With Wolves (1990)The Silence of the Lambs (1991)The Crying Game (1992)Schindler's List (1993)Forrest Gump (1994)Apollo 13 (1995)The English Patient (1996)Titanic (1997)Saving Private Ryan (1998)American Beauty (1999)Gladiator (2000)Moulin Rouge! (2001)Chicago (2002)The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King (2003)The Aviator (2004)Brokeback Mountain (2005)Little Miss Sunshine (2006)No Country for Old Men (2007)Slumdog Millionaire (2008)The Hurt Locker (2009)The King's Speech (2010)The Artist (2011)Argo (2012)12 Years a Slave / Gravity (2013)Birdman or (The Unexpected Virtue of Ignorance) (2014)The Big Short (2015)La La Land (2016)The Shape of Water (2017)Green Book (2018)1917 (2019)Nomadland (2020)CODA (2021)Everything Everywhere All at Once (2022)Oppenheimer (2023) vte Satellite Award for Best Film Drama (1996–2009, 2018–present) Fargo (1996)Titanic (1997)The Thin Red Line (1998)The Insider (1999)Traffic (2000)In the Bedroom (2001)Far from Heaven (2002)In America (2003)Hotel Rwanda (2004)Brokeback Mountain (2005)The Departed (2006)No Country for Old Men (2007)Slumdog Millionaire (2008)The Hurt Locker (2009)If Beale Street Could Talk (2018)Ford v Ferrari (2019)Nomadland (2020)Belfast (2021)Top Gun: Maverick (2022)Oppenheimer (2023)The Brutalist (2024) Musical or Comedy (1996–2009, 2018–present) Evita (1996)As Good as It Gets (1997)Shakespeare in Love (1998)Being John Malkovich (1999)Nurse Betty (2000)Moulin Rouge! (2001)My Big Fat Greek Wedding (2002)Lost in Translation (2003)Sideways (2004)Walk the Line (2005)Dreamgirls (2006)Juno (2007)Happy-Go-Lucky (2008)Nine (2009)Scott Pilgrim vs. the World (2010)A Star Is Born (2018)Once Upon a Time in Hollywood (2019)The Forty-Year-Old Version (2020)tick, tick... BOOM! (2021)Everything Everywhere All at Once (2022)The Holdovers (2023)Anora (2024) Motion Picture (2010–2017) The Social Network (2010)The Descendants (2011)Silver Linings Playbook (2012)12 Years a Slave (2013)Birdman or (The Unexpected Virtue of Ignorance) (2014)Spotlight (2015)La La Land / Manchester by the Sea (2016)God's Own Country / Three Billboards Outside Ebbing, Missouri (2017) Independent (2018) BlacKkKlansman (2018) Portals: Film flag United States icon 1990s Authority control databases Edit this at Wikidata International VIAF23WorldCat National GermanyUnited StatesFranceBnF dataCzech RepublicSpainNorwayCroatiaChilePolandIsraelCatalonia Other IdRefMusicBrainz work Categories: 1997 films1997 romantic drama films1990s adventure films1990s American films1990s disaster films1990s English-language films20th Century Fox films3D re-releases4DX filmsAmerican 3D filmsAmerican adventure drama filmsAmerican disaster filmsAmerican epic filmsAmerican historical romance filmsAmerican nonlinear narrative filmsAmerican romantic drama filmsAmerican survival filmsBest Drama Picture Golden Globe winnersBest Picture Academy Award winnersEnglish-language adventure filmsEnglish-language romantic drama filmsEpic films based on actual eventsFilms about artistsFilms about interclass romanceFilms about mother–daughter relationshipsFilms about RMS TitanicFilms about social classFilms about survivors of seafaring accidents or incidentsFilms directed by James CameronFilms produced by James CameronFilms produced by Jon LandauFilms scored by James HornerFilms set in 1912Films set in 1996Films set in Newfoundland and LabradorFilms set in the Atlantic OceanFilms set on shipsFilms shot in MexicoFilms shot in Nova ScotiaFilms shot in VancouverFilms that won the Best Costume Design Academy AwardFilms that won the Best Original Score Academy AwardFilms that won the Best Original Song Academy AwardFilms that won the Best Sound Editing Academy AwardFilms that won the Best Sound Mixing Academy AwardFilms that won the Best Visual Effects Academy AwardFilms using motion captureFilms whose art director won the Best Art Direction Academy AwardFilms whose cinematographer won the Best Cinematography Academy AwardFilms whose director won the Best Directing Academy AwardFilms whose director won the Best Director Golden GlobeFilms whose editor won the Best Film Editing Academy AwardFilms with screenplays by James CameronHistorical epic filmsIMAX filmsLightstorm Entertainment filmsLove storiesMurder–suicide in filmsNickelodeon Kids' Choice Award–winning filmsParamount Pictures filmsRomantic drama films based on actual eventsRomantic epic filmsSatellite Award–winning filmsSaturn Award–winning filmsSea adventure filmsSeafaring films based on actual eventsTitanic (1997 film)United States National Film Registry filmsWorld record holders List of accidents and disasters by death toll Article Talk Read Edit View history Tools From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia See also: Energy accidents and List of natural disasters by death toll This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by adding missing items with reliable sources. This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources: "List of accidents and disasters by death toll" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (June 2023) (Learn how and when to remove this message) This is a list of accidents and disasters by death toll. It shows the number of fatalities associated with various explosions, structural fires, flood disasters, coal mine disasters, and other notable accidents caused by negligence connected to improper architecture, planning, construction, design, and more. Purposeful disasters, such as military or terrorist attacks, are omitted. While all of the listed accidents caused immediately massive numbers of lives lost, further widespread deaths were connected to many of these incidents, often the result of prolonged or lingering effects of the initial catastrophe. This was the case particularly in such cases as exposure to contaminated air, toxic chemicals or radiation, some years later due to lung damage, cancer, etc. Some numbers in the table below reflect both immediate and delayed deaths related to accidents, while many do not. Engineering Explosions Accidents with at least 200 deaths. This list does not include bombings, aviation incidents, or mining disasters. Deaths Date Incident 20,000 30 May 1626 Wanggongchang Explosion in Beijing, China, in the Wanggongchang Gunpowder Factory, destroys part of the city and kills 20,000 people[1] 4,000 7 August 1956 Ammunition trucks explode near a railway station in Cali, Colombia[2] 3,000 18 August 1769 A lightning bolt caused the Brescia Explosion of a gunpowder depot in Brescia, Italy, destroying one-sixth of the city[3][4] 3,000? 1 November 1948 Boiler and ammunition explosion aboard an unidentified merchant ship evacuating troops of the Republic of China Army from Yingkou, China, for Taiwan in early November 1948.[5][disputed – discuss] Other sources suggest this figure is inaccurate.[6] 1,400–2,280 6 March 1862 Ammunition warehouse explodes and kills almost all of Oaxaca brigade, in San Andrés Chalchicomula, Mexico, during the first days of Second French intervention in Mexico[7] 1,950 6 December 1917 Halifax Explosion in Nova Scotia, Canada[8] 1,500 5 June 1941 Smederevo Fortress explosion of stockpiled ammunition at Smederevo Fortress near Belgrade in the Territory of the Military Commander in Serbia[9] 256–1,500+ 16 September 1732 Military warehouse explodes and kills up to two-thirds of the population of Campo Maior district of Portalegre, Portugal[10][11] 1,200 16 October 1926 Explosion of ammunition on the Chinese troopship Kuang Yuang, near Kiukiang, China[12] 1,121 8 June 1943 Japanese battleship Mutsu, at Hashirajima harbor, 1943, due to magazine explosion; ship sank on 9 June 1,100 27 January 2002 Lagos Armoury Explosion, in Lagos, Nigeria; many deaths were from drowning during the resulting panic 1,082 18 October 1998 Jesse pipeline explosion, near Lagos, Nigeria 1,007 18 November 1918 Ammunition transporter explosion in Hamont, Belgium 1,000+ 31 August 1794 Explosion of a gunpowder factory in Grenelle, France 843 9 July 1917 Propellant explosion of the British dreadnought battleship HMS Vanguard 800 14 April 1944 Bombay Docks Explosion in Bombay, Bombay Presidency, British India 741 26 November 1914 British pre-dreadnought battleship HMS Bulwark destroyed due to a magazine explosion 700 17 August 1989 Iraqi military plant with facilities explode at Al Hillah, Babil, Iraq 621 27 February 1925 Explosion of a dynamite depot in Brazil.[13] 600+ 28 March 1943 Explosion of the Caterina Costa, at port of Naples; over 3000 were also injured 590 3 November 1893 Explosion of dynamite cargo on the steamship Cabo Machichaco, in at the port of Santander, Spain, with more than 2,000 injured.[14] 581 16 April 1947 Texas City disaster in the Port of Texas City, Texas, USA; over 5,000 were also injured. 575 4 June 1989 Ufa train disaster in Ufa, Soviet Union. 565 21 September 1921 Oppau explosion at a BASF plant in Germany; possibly as many as 1,500 were killed 542 9 April 1945 SS Charles Henderson ammunition explosion at Bari, Italy; 1,800 injured 508 25 February 1984 A gasoline pipeline exploded in the favela of Vila Sao Jose, Cubatão, Brazil[15][16] 500+ 19 November 1984 San Juanico disaster, in Mexico City, Mexico 372 10 November 1944 Ammunition ship USS Mount Hood exploded at Seeadler Harbor, killing 372 and injuring 371 370+ 27 July 1816 Powder magazine in Negro Fort in Spanish Florida exploded during battle with United States forces. 339 11 September 1905 Japanese battleship Mikasa explosion of magazine (artillery) while at port 320 17 July 1944 Port Chicago disaster at Port Chicago, California, United States 300+ 4 March 2012 Brazzaville arms dump blasts at Brazzaville, Republic of the Congo 296+ 18 March 1937 New London School explosion at New London, Texas, United States 291 29 December 2001 Fireworks stand explosion in Lima, Peru. 235 bodies recovered, 144+ taken to hospital due to burns.[17] 286 25 September 1911 An explosion occurred on the French battleship Liberté 256 4 June 2015 Gas station explosion in Accra, Ghana 150–240 18 July 1806 Gunpowder magazine explosion, Birgu, Malta 234 23 December 2003 PetroChina Chuandongbei natural gas field explosion, Guoqiao, Chongqing, China 230+ 2 July 2010 2010 South Kivu fuel tank explosion in the Democratic Republic of the Congo 228 20 October 1916 Russian battleship Imperatritsa Mariya magazine explosion 220 11 December 1944 Gunpowder explosion on the train doing Japanese military and civilian transportation, Itoman, Okinawa, Japan[18][better source needed] 219 25 June 2017 Bahawalpur explosion, an oil truck exploded in Bahawalpur, Pakistan 218 4 August 2020 2020 Beirut explosion, Beirut, Lebanon 218 25 September 2023 Filling station explosion in Berkadzor, Nagorno-Karabakh[19] 215 11 July 1978 Los Alfaques disaster, in Sant Carles de la Ràpita, Spain 207 28 July 1948 1948 BASF tank car explosion, Ludwigshafen am Rhein, Germany; 3,818 were also injured[20] 206 22 April 1992 Gas explosions in Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico 206 17 September 2015 2015 tanker explosion in Juba, South Sudan[21] 200+ 6 June 1991 Gotera ammunition dump explosion in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia Industrial See also: List of industrial disasters Accidents with at least 200 deaths. Deaths Date Incident Location 3,787–16,000 2–3 December 1984 Bhopal disaster Union Carbide (now Dow Chemicals) factory, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India 1,549 26 April 1942 Benxihu Colliery explosion Benxi, Liaoning, Manchukuo (now China) 1,099 10 March 1906 Courrières mine disaster Courrières, France 687 15 December 1914 Mitsubishi Hōjō coal mine disaster Kyūshū, Japan 682 9 May 1960 Laobaidong colliery coal dust explosion Datong, China 581 16 April 1947 Texas City disaster Texas City, Texas, U.S. 512 28 August 1899 Sumitomo Besshi bronze mine area, landslide with debris flow disaster Niihama, Shikoku, Japan 500+ 19 November 1984 San Juanico Disaster[22] Mexico City, Mexico 476–1,000 1931 Hawks Nest Tunnel Disaster Gauley Bridge, West Virginia, United States 458 9 November 1963 Mitsui Miike Coal Mine disaster[23] Mitsui Miike, Ōmuta, Fukuoka, Japan 439 14 October 1913 Senghenydd Colliery Disaster Senghenydd, Wales 437 21 January 1960 Coalbrook mining disaster Coalbrook, South Africa 427 6 June 1972 Wankie coal mine disaster Wankie, Rhodesia/Zimbabwe 422 28 November 1914 Mine explosion caused by Methane gas New Yubari Yūbari, Hokkaidō, Japan 405 20 February 1946 Bergkamen mining disaster Bergkamen, West Germany 388 12 December 1866 Oaks Colliery Barnsley, England 376 21 December 1917 Onoura, Kirino, Kyūshū, Japan 375 28 May 1965 Mine explosion caused by Methane gas[24] Dhanbad Bihar, India 372 27 December 1975 Chasnala mining disaster Sudamdih Colliery Dhanbad, India 365 20 July 1907 Hokoku, Itoda, Kyūshū, Japan 362 6 December 1907 Monongah Mining disaster Monongah, West Virginia, U.S. 344 21 December 1910 Pretoria Pit Disaster Westhoughton, England 319 31 May 1892 Marie ore mine fire Příbram, Austria-Hungary (now Czech Republic) 301 13 May 2014 Soma mine disaster Manisa, Turkey 300+ 9 May 1993 Nambija mine disaster, landslide destroying several mines and buildings Zamora-Chinchipe, Ecuador 299[25] 7 February 1962 Luisenthal mine disaster Saarland, West Germany 290 23 June 1894 Fire and explosion Albion Colliery, Wales 289 11 September 2012 Karachi factory fire Karachi, Pakistan 277 8 September 2008 2008 Shanxi mudslide caused by collapse of a mine landfill[26] Xiangfen, Linfen, Shanxi, China 270 25 January 2019 Brumadinho dam disaster caused by the collapse of a mining dam Brumadinho, Minas Gerais, Brazil 268 11 September 1878 Abercarn colliery disaster Abercarn, Wales 266 22 September 1934 Gresford Disaster Gresford, Wales 263 22 October 1913 Dawson, New Mexico U.S. (first disaster) 263 3 March 1992 Incirharmani, Kozlu, Zonguldak, Turkey 262 8 August 1956 Marcinelle, Belgium 259 13 November 1909 1909 Cherry Mine disaster Cherry, Illinois, U.S. 254 11 November 1937 Kogushi sulfur mine collapse western Gunma, Japan 243 5 August 1909 Onoura, Kirino, Kyūshū, Japan 243 23 December 2003 PetroChina Chuandongbei natural gas field explosion[27] Guoqiao, Kai County, Chongqing, China 239 19 December 1907 Darr Mine Disaster Jacobs Creek, Pennsylvania, U.S. 236 1 June 1965 Chikuho Yamano, Kyūshū, Japan 235 14 June 1894 Larisch's mines (Jan and Františka) Karviná, Austria-Hungary (now Czech Republic) 220 28 March 1965 El Cobre tailing dam and copper mine failure by earthquake Chile 216 19 May 1902 Fraterville Mine disaster Fraterville, Tennessee, U.S. 214 15 February 2005 2005 Sunjiawan mine disaster Sunjiawan, Fuxin, Liaoning, China 210 15 June 1899 Hokoku, Itoda, Kyūshū, Japan 204 16 January 1862 Hartley Colliery Disaster New Hartley, Northumberland, England 202 25 May 1917 Bolevec Disaster Pilsen, Bohemia, now in Czech Republic 200+ 1 May 1900 Scofield Mine disaster Scofield, Utah, U.S. 200+ 27 February 1908 Mina Rosita Vieja disaster San Juan de Sabinas, Coahuila, Mexico Nuclear and radiation Main article: List of nuclear and radiation accidents by death toll Accidents with at least 10 deaths. Deaths Date Incident Location 200–6,000 29 September 1957 Mayak nuclear waste storage tank explosion. 270,000 people were exposed to dangerous radiation levels.[28] Chelyabinsk, Soviet Union 100–240 10 October 1957 Windscale fire Windscale, Seascale, Cumbria (now Sellafield), England. [There were no deaths due to deterministic effects (i.e., people receiving a high dose of radiation, rapidly becoming ill, and dying); the 100–240 figure is an estimate of the number of people who died later in life due to cancer caused by radiation from the accident[29]]. 95–4,000+[30][31] 26 April 1986 Chernobyl disaster. The official report is 31 immediate deaths, 64 recorded cancer deaths by 2008, and potentially up to, but no more than, 4,000 total cancer deaths.[32] Far-higher death toll estimates have been made, but these are disputed. Pripyat, Ukrainian SSR, Soviet Union 17 August 2000 – March 2001 Instituto Oncológico Nacional, patients receiving treatment for cancer receive lethal doses of radiation.[33][34] Panama City, Panama 13 1996 1996 San Juan de Dios radiotherapy accident, 114 patients received an overdose of radiation.[35] San José, Costa Rica 11 December 1990 Clinic of Zaragoza radiotherapy accident, (27 patients were injured)[36] Zaragoza, Spain 10 10 August 1985 Soviet submarine K-431 accident, (49 people suffered radiation injuries)[37] near Vladivostok, Russia 10 1974–1976 Columbus radiotherapy accident, 88 injuries[34][38] Columbus, Ohio, United States Structural collapses Main article: List of structural failures and collapses Accidents with at least 100 deaths. Deaths Date Incident Location 26,000–240,000 8 August 1975 Failure of Banqiao Dam and 60 other dams in Ru River basin.[39] Figure includes subsequent diseases and hunger-related deaths. Zhumadian, China 20,000+ AD 27 Amphitheater collapse Fidenae, Italy 11,300 11 September 2023 2023 Derna dam collapse Derna, Libya 1,800–25,000 11 August 1979 1979 Machchhu dam failure Morbi, India 2,208 31 May 1889 Johnstown Flood Johnstown, Pennsylvania, United States 1,134 24 April 2013 Rana Plaza collapse Savar Upazila, Bangladesh 1,000+ 19 August 1917 Tigra Dam failure Gwalior, India 1,000 12 July 1961 Panshet Dam failure[40] Pune, India 941 3 May 1868 Iruka Lake Dam failure Inuyama, Japan 500–1500 20 September 1807 Eitai Bridge collapse Tokyo, Japan 608 30 April 1802 Puentes dam collapsed flooding Lorca, Spain 502 29 June 1995 Sampoong Department Store collapse Seoul, South Korea 400–600+ 12 March 1928 St. Francis Dam failure Los Angeles County, California, United States 423 2 December 1959 Malpasset Dam failure 356 1 December 1923 Gleno Dam failure Bergamo, Italy 250–434 18 August 2008 Koshi Barrage failure Koshi River, Nepal 270+ 25 January 2019 Failure of tailings dam on Córrego do Feijão iron ore mine[41] Brumadinho, Minas Gerais, Brazil 268 19 July 1985 Val di Stava dam collapse Tesero, Italy 244 11 March 1864 Dale Dike Reservoir dam failure Sheffield, England, United Kingdom 238 10 June 1972 Dam failure caused by 1972 Black Hills flood Rapid City, South Dakota, United States 107–500 1 May 1966 Dam failure[42][43] Vratsa, Bulgaria 226 16 April 1850 Angers Bridge collapse Angers, France 200+ 31 October 2017 Punggye-ri Nuclear Test Site tunnel collapse North Korea ~200 20 January 1980 Collapse of wooden bleachers at Corralejas bullring/stadium[44] Sincelejo, Colombia 169 17 November 1981 Manila Film Center collapse Pasay, Philippines ~160 10 December 2016 Uyo church collapse Uyo, Nigeria 120–180 20 April 1986 Kantale Dam failure Kantale, Sri Lanka 145 10 January 1860 Pemberton Mill collapse Lawrence, Massachusetts, United States 144 9 January 1959 Vega de Tera disaster Ribadelago, Spain 141 30 October 2022 2022 Morbi bridge collapse Morbi, India 140 19 November 1974 Makahali River bridge collapse Baitadi, Nepal 139 16 May 1874 Mill River dam failure Williamsburg, Massachusetts, United States 139 13 September 1976 Apartment building collapse Karachi, Pakistan 135 13 August 1993 Collapse of the Royal Plaza Hotel Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand 128 28 July 1983 Guavio hydroelectric project dam collapse Bogota, Colombia 125 26 February 1972 Buffalo Creek flood Logan County, West Virginia, United States 125 8 November 1984 Rope bridge collapse Munnar, India 120 1 February 1942 Nuns' school chapel collapse Biblian, Ecuador 117 1951 Heiwa Lake Dam failure Kameoka, Japan 115 12 September 2014 2014 Synagogue Church Building Collapse Lagos State, Nigeria 114 17 July 1981 Hyatt Regency walkway collapse Kansas City, Missouri, United States 111 11 September 2015 Mecca crane collapse Masjid al-Haram, Mecca, Saudi Arabia 111 13 August 1935 Dam failure Molare, Italy 108 1951 Taisho Lake Dam failure Ide, Japan 100+ 1 December 2000 Dongguan Mall collapse[45][46] Dongguan, China 100 21 February 1890 Walnut Grove Dam failure Wickenburg, Arizona, United States 100 16 June 1990 Saque Comprehensive College collapse Port Harcourt, Nigeria Structural fires Main article: List of fires See also: List of nightclub fires Accidents with at least 200 deaths. Deaths Date Incident Location 2,000–3,000 8 December 1863 Church of the Company Fire Santiago, Chile 1,700–2,845+[47] 2 September 1949 Chongqing Waterfront Fire – "9–2 Fire" Chongqing, China 1,670 25 May 1845 Theater fire Canton, China 900 June 1871 Theater fire Shanghai, China 800 30 December 1836 Lehman Theater fire St. Petersburg, Russia 694 18 February 1977 Xinjiang 61st Regiment Farm fire Xinjiang, China 658 13 February 1937 Antoung Movie Theater fire Nantong, China 614 26 February 1918 Happy Valley Racecourse fire Hong Kong 602 30 December 1903 Iroquois Theatre fire Chicago, Illinois, United States 600 20 May 1872 Theater fire Tientsin, China 538 23 December 1995 Dayananda Anglo Vedic private school fire Mandi Dabwali, Haryana, India 530 17 March 2000 Kanungu church fire Kanungu, Uganda 500 17 December 1961 Gran Circus Norte-Americano – Niterói circus fire Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil 492 28 November 1942 Cocoanut Grove fire Boston, Massachusetts, United States 448 8 December 1881 Ringtheater fire Vienna, Austria 430 13 January 1883 Circus Ferroni fire Berdichev, Ukraine 400 17 December 1778 Coliseo theater fire Zaragoza, Spain 396 1 August 2004 Paraguay supermarket fire Asunción, Paraguay 377–470+ 19 August 1978 Cinema Rex fire Abadan, Iran 360 14 February 2012 Comayagua prison fire Comayagua, Honduras 326+ 30 June 1900 1900 Hoboken Docks fire Hoboken, New Jersey, United States 324 10 December 1994 1994 Karamay fire Karamay, China 322 21 April 1930 Ohio Penitentiary fire Columbus, Ohio, United States 322 22 May 1967 L'Innovation Department Store fire Brussels, Belgium 312 27 March 1910 Barn fire Ököritófülpös, Hungary 309 25 December 2000 Dongdu Commercial shopping center fire Luoyang, China 291 29 December 2001 Mesa Redonda fire Lima, Peru 289 28 October 1995 1995 Baku Metro fire Baku, Azerbaijan 289 11 September 2012 2012 Karachi garment factory fire Karachi, Pakistan 278+ 5 December 1876 Brooklyn Theatre fire Brooklyn, New York, United States 250 15 February 1909 Flores Theater fire Acapulco, Mexico 242 27 January 2013 Kiss nightclub fire in Santa Maria Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil 234 27 November 1994 Discothèque fire Fuxin, China 225 14 July 1960 Mental hospital fire Guatemala City, Guatemala 209 23 April 1940 Rhythm Club fire Natchez, Mississippi, United States 208 6 March 1943 Hoteiza theater fire Kucchan, Japan 200 1847 Carslruhe theater fire St. Petersburg, Russia Recreation Amusement parks Main article: Amusement park accidents Accidents with at least 3 deaths. Deaths Date Attraction Amusement park Location 28 14 February 2004 Transvaal Park (entire facility affected); the roof of the indoor water park collapsed Transvaal Park Yasenevo, Moscow, Russia[48] 27 25 May 2024 Theme park in Rajkot (entire facility affected); fire at indoor theme park Theme park in Rajkot Rajkot, Gujarat, India[49] 15 27 June 2015 Formosa Fun Coast music stage; a dust explosion on a music stage; over 400 others injured Formosa Fun Coast Bali, New Taipei, Taiwan[50] 8 11 May 1984 Haunted Castle; a fire caused by a cigarette lighter igniting the flammable foam-rubber walls of the facility Six Flags Great Adventure Jackson Township, New Jersey, United States[51] 7 9 June 1979 Ghost Train; a fire at the park's ghost train ride caused by either faulty wiring or sabotage Luna Park Sydney Sydney, Australia[52] 7 14 August 1981 Skylab; a crane collided with the Skylab carousel; fifteen injured Hamburger Dom Hamburg, (Germany)[53][54] 6 13 August 1944 Virginia Reel; a fire at the facility; 125 injured Palisades Amusement Park Cliffside Park-Fort Lee, New Jersey, United States[55] 6 29 June 2010 Eco-Adventure Valley Space Journey; a malfunction at a rocket launch ride; ten injured OCT East Yantian District, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China[56] 5 30 May 1972 Big Dipper; the roller coaster broke free from its haulage rope; thirteen injured Battersea Park Battersea, London, England[57] 5 13 August 2007 Section of Ferris wheel failed causing people to fall. World Carnival Busan Busan, South Korea[58] 5 23 June 2017 Kuzuluk Aquapark swimming pool; five people died after being electrocuted in the swimming pool Kuzuluk Aquapark Akyazi, Turkey[59] 4 24 July 1930 Big Dipper; a bolt came loose from the roller coaster; seventeen injured Krug Park Omaha, Nebraska, United States[60][61] 4 25 October 2016 Thunder River Rapids Ride; one of the rafts at the ride flipped upside down and became wedged under a conveyor belt Dreamworld Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia[62] 3 14 June 1986 Mindbender; one of the roller coaster carriages failed and crashed into a concrete pillar Galaxyland Edmonton, Alberta, Canada[63] 3 26 July 1978 Skyway; a gondola detached from its cable and plunged to the ground Six Flags St. Louis Eureka, Missouri, United States[64] Crowd crushes See also: Crowd collapses and crushes and List of crowd crushes Accidents with at least 100 deaths. These incidents may be variably referred to as crushes or panics. Deaths Date Incident Location 6,000 29 March 1809 Ponte das Barcas disaster in Porto. Civilians fleeing the advancing French army tried to cross the Douro river over a fragile pontoon bridge, which collapsed.[citation needed] Portugal 4,000 5 June 1941 Mass panic at air raid shelter, during Japanese bombing of Chongqing, most deaths caused by suffocation. Chongqing, China 2,400+ 24 September 2015 2015 Mina stampede en route to the Stoning of the Devil ritual Mina, Mecca, Saudi Arabia 1,426 3 July 1990 1990 Mecca tunnel tragedy inside a pedestrian tunnel Mina, Mecca, Saudi Arabia 1,389 30 May 1896 Khodynka Tragedy at coronation of Nicholas II (Moscow, 1896) Khodynka Field, Moscow, Russia 953 31 August 2005 2005 Al-Aaimmah bridge stampede (note: because the stampede was triggered by reports of a bombing, this figure is also included in the higher estimate for casualties of the War in Iraq) Baghdad, Iraq 800 3 February 1954 1954 Prayag Kumbh Mela stampede, crowd crush at religious festival Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India 363 12 January 2006 2006 Hajj stampede Mina, Mecca, Saudi Arabia 357 22 November 2010 Phnom Penh stampede Phnom Penh, Cambodia 354 23 October 1942 Crowd crush during an attack by the RAF Bomber Command in World War II as they made their way into Galleria delle Grazie, a railway tunnel used as an air-raid shelter. Genoa, Italy 328 24 May 1964 Estadio Nacional disaster Lima, Peru 270 23 May 1994 1994 Hajj stampede Mina, Mecca, Saudi Arabia 258 25 January 2005 Mandher Devi temple stampede Wai, Maharashtra, India 251 1 February 2004 2004 Hajj stampede Mina, Mecca, Saudi Arabia 245 11 October 1711 Bridge stampede Lyon, France 224 30 September 2008 2008 Jodhpur stampede disaster in Chamunda Devi temple Jodhpur, India 183 16 June 1883 Victoria Hall theatre stairway crush Sunderland, England 173 3 March 1943 Bethnal Green tube station panic London, England 162 3 August 2008 Naina Devi Temple stampede Bilaspur, Himachal Pradesh, India 159 29 October 2022 Seoul Halloween crowd crush Seoul, South Korea 135 1 October 2022 2022 Kanjuruhan Stadium disaster Malang, East Java, Indonesia 130 23 November 1994 1994 Gowari stampede in Maharashtra State Legislature building Nagpur, Maharastra, India 126 9 May 2001 Accra Sports Stadium disaster Accra, Ghana 124 1 January 1956 1956 Yahiko Shrine Stampede: New Year event stampede at Yahiko Shrine Yahiko, Niigata, Japan 123 2 July 2024 2024 Hathras crowd crush: A crowd crush caused by overcrowding during a satsang Hathras district, Uttar Pradesh, India 118 9 April 1998 1998 Hajj stampede Mina, Mecca, Saudi Arabia 115 19 September 1902 Shiloh Baptist Church stampede Birmingham, Alabama 115 13 October 2013 2013 Madhya Pradesh stampede Ratangarh, India 110 11 February 1823 Carnival tragedy of 1823 Valletta, Malta 106 14 January 2011 2011 Sabarimala crowd crush, broken out during an annual pilgrimage Sabarimala, Kerala, India 105-200+ 1–2 September 2024 2024 Makala jailbreak attempt: At least 129 (200+ per AP) people were killed while attempting to escape the Makala Central Prison. 24 were fatally shot Selembao, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo 105 10 October 1991 Yingze Park lantern festival stampede Taiyuan, Shanxi, China Sporting events Accidents with at least 10 deaths. This list does not include aviation or other transport accidents involving sporting teams traveling to or from a sporting event. Deaths Date Incident Location 1,300 Between 284 and 286 AD Collapse of a wall of Circus Maximus Rome[65] 1,112 140 AD Collapse of the upper tier of the Circus Maximus Rome[66] 614 26 February 1918 Happy Valley Racecourse fire Happy Valley, Hong Kong 328 24 May 1964 Estadio Nacional disaster Lima, Peru[67] ~200 20 January 1980 Collapse of wooden bleachers at Corralejas bullring Sincelejo, Sucre, Colombia[44] 135 1 October 2022 2022 Kanjuruhan Stadium disaster Malang, East Java, Indonesia 127 9 May 2001 Accra Sports Stadium disaster Accra Sports Stadium, Accra, Ghana 97 15 April 1989 Hillsborough stadium crush Sheffield, England 93 12 March 1988 Hailstorm & Stadium crush Kathmandu, Nepal[68] 84 11 June 1955 1955 Le Mans disaster, motor racing accident Le Mans, France 83 16 October 1996 Doroteo Guamuch Flores disaster, stadium crowd crush Guatemala City, Guatemala 79 1 February 2012 Port Said Stadium disaster Port Said, Egypt 71 23 June 1968 Puerta 12 crush Buenos Aires, Argentina[69] 66 2 January 1971 Second Ibrox stadium disaster, stairway crowd crush Glasgow, Scotland 66 20 October 1982 Luzhniki disaster, stairway crowd crush Moscow, USSR[70] 61 1 January 2013 2013 Félix Houphouët-Boigny Stadium Disaster Abidjan, Ivory Coast 56–135 1 December 2024 2024 Nzérékoré stampede Nzérékoré, Guinea 56 11 May 1985 Bradford City stadium fire Bradford, England 43 17 September 1967 Kayseri Atatürk Stadium disaster football stadium hooliganism Kayseri, Central Anatolia, Turkey 43 11 April 2001 Ellis Park Stadium disaster, football match crush Johannesburg, South Africa 42 13 January 1991 Oppenheimer Stadium disaster, football match crush Orkney, South Africa 39 29 May 1985 Heysel Stadium disaster football stadium hooliganism Brussels, Belgium 32 3 October 2014 2014 Patna stampede Patna, Bihar, India 33 9 March 1946 Burnden Park disaster Bolton, England 28 9 September 1928 1928 Italian Grand Prix, Emilio Materassi and 27 spectators killed when the driver crashed into a grandstand Monza, Italy 26 5 April 1902 First Ibrox stadium disaster, terracing collapse Glasgow, Scotland 22–24 15 November 1982 Drunken football fans provoked a stampede at Deportivo Cali vs. América de Cali at Estadio Olímpico Pascual Guerrero Cali, Colombia[71][72] 22 29 November 1900 Spectators on the roof of a glass factory observing the Big Game college football game caused roof to collapse San Francisco, US[73] 21 8 February 1981 Gate 7 stampede at the old Karaiskakis Stadium after a football game between Olympiacos and AEK Athens Piraeus, Greece[74] 21 22 May 2021 Gansu ultramarathon disaster, 21 out of 172 runners died in windy and cold weather in a 100k mountain running race Jingtai County, Gansu, China[75] 19 29 March 2009 2009 Houphouët-Boigny stampede Abidjan, Ivory Coast 18 18 November 1981 A wall collapsed at the regional stadium in a football match between Deportes Tolima and Deportivo Cali Ibague, Colombia[71] 18 5 May 1992 Temporary grand stand collapsed, before French Cup semi-final match SC Bastia and Olympique Marseille Bastia, Corsica, France[76] 17 13–14 August 1979 1979 Fastnet yachting race storms Fastnet Rock, Ireland 16 16 August 1980 16 Football Fans die of Stampede in a Kolkata Derby. Recognized as the Football Lover's Day. Eden Gardens, Kolkata[77][78] 15 10 September 1961 1961 Italian Grand Prix: Wolfgang Von Trips and 14 spectators killed when the Formula 1 car flew into the crowd Monza, Italy 13 12 May 1957 1957 Mille Miglia road race: driver Alfonso de Portago, his co-driver/navigator, Ed Nelson and 9 spectators were killed when they ploughed into spectators. Also includes 2 separate deaths earlier in the road race Guidizzolo, Mantua; Reggio Emilia; Florence[79][failed verification][80] 13 18 January 1953 1953 Argentine Grand Prix: F1 driver Nino Farina ploughed into the crowds, killing 13 Autódromo Juan y Oscar Gálvez, Buenos Aires, Argentina 13 14 September 2008 2008 Congo football riots: DRC football league second division of Socozaki vs. Nyuki System at Matokeo stadium Butembo, North Kivu, DR Congo 13 31 August 1952 Grenzlandring, 13 killed and 42 injured including the racing driver when his car plunged into spectators Wegberg, Mönchengladbach, West Germany 12 20 May 2023 San Salvador crowd crush: 12 killed in a crowd crush during a football match Estadio Cuscatlán stadium, San Salvador, El Salvador 12 2 March 1969 Yellow River Dragstrip, a dragster crashed through a chain-link fence into spectators, killing 11. 12th person died later in hospital. Covington, Georgia, US 12 8 August 1903 Baker Bowl bleachers collapse Philadelphia, US 11 16 September 1911 Auto race at New York State Fairgrounds, when a car went through a rail fence into the crowd Syracuse, New York, US 11 16 September 2011 2011 Reno Air Races crash, 11 killed including pilot Jimmy Leeward who crashed into grandstand VIP booths Reno Stead Airport, Reno, Nevada, US Transportation Aviation Main article: List of deadliest aircraft accidents and incidents See also: List of aircraft accidents and incidents by number of ground fatalities Accidents with at least 200 deaths. Deaths Date Incident Location 583 27 March 1977 Tenerife airport disaster Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain[81] 520 12 August 1985 Japan Air Lines Flight 123 Ueno, Japan[82] 349 12 November 1996 Charkhi Dadri mid-air collision Charkhi Dadri, Haryana, India[83][84] 346 3 March 1974 Turkish Airlines Flight 981 Fontaine-Chaalis, France[85] 301 19 August 1980 Saudia Flight 163 Riyadh, Saudi Arabia[86] 298 17 July 2014 Malaysia Airlines Flight 17 Hrabove, Ukraine[87] 290 3 July 1988 Iran Air Flight 655 Bandar Abbas, Iran [citation needed][88] 275 19 February 2003 2003 Iran Ilyushin Il-76 crash Kerman, Iran[89] 273 25 May 1979 American Airlines Flight 191 Des Plaines, Illinois, United States[90] Cable cars See also: Aerial tramway § List of accidents, and Gondola lift § List of accidents Accidents with at least 10 deaths. This list does not include incidents involving elevators. Deaths Date Incident Location 155 11 November 2000 Kaprun disaster[91] Kaprun, Austria 42 9 March 1976 1976 Cavalese cable car crash[92] Cavalese, Italy 20 3 February 1998 1998 Cavalese cable car crash[93] Cavalese, Italy 20 1 July 1999 Saint-Étienne-en-Dévoluy cable car crash[94] Saint-Étienne-en-Dévoluy, France 19 1 June 1990 Tbilisi cable car crash[95] Tbilisi, Georgia 14 3 October 1999 Maling River Gorge cable car crash[96] Xingyi, Guizhou, China 14 23 May 2021 Stresa–Mottarone cable car crash[97] Mottarone, Italy 13 12 July 1972 Bettmeralp cable car crash[98][99] Bettmeralp, Switzerland 12 29 June 2017 Charra Pani cable car crash[100] Charra Pani, Galyat, Pakistan 11 13 February 1983 Champoluc cable car crash[101] Champoluc, Italy Elevators Main article: List of elevator accidents Accidents with at least 10 deaths. This list does not include incidents involving gondola lifts, ski lifts, and similar types of cable transport. Deaths Date Incident Location 104 10 May 1995 Vaal Reefs mining disaster: A locomotive crashed through a safety barrier and fell into a mine shaft, hitting an elevator which was carrying 104 workers, and causing it to plunge to the bottom of the shaft.[102][103] Orkney, South Africa 62 31 August 1987 A methane gas explosion at the St. Helena gold mine severed the cable of a double-deck elevator, causing it to fall 1.4 kilometers to the bottom of the mine shaft, killing all 52 people on board. 10 others who were not in the elevator were killed in the explosion.[104][105] Welkom, South Africa 31 27 March 1980 A descending elevator became stuck in the Vaal Reefs mine shaft and then fell to the bottom of the shaft when it abruptly became unstuck, killing all 31 miners on board.[106][107] Orkney, South Africa 19 13 September 2012 An elevator fell about 100 meters at a construction site, killing everyone on board.[108] Wuhan, China 19 10 October 1932 A mine-shaft elevator carrying 20 people fell at the Bickershaw Colliery, killing all but one person.[109][110] Leigh, England 18 30 July 1973 A mine-shaft elevator fell at the Markham Colliery.[111] Chesterfield, England 16 10 September 1918 Protection Island mining disaster: A mine-shaft elevator cable snapped causing the elevator to plunge to the bottom of the mine.[112] Protection Island near Nanaimo, British Columbia, Canada 13 27 November 2023 A mine elevator fell 200m in the Impala Platinum mine shaft accident.[113][114] Rustenburg, South Africa 12 30 October 2008 An elevator plunged to the ground at a construction site.[115] Xiapu County, China 12 2 June 1993 An elevator plunged to the ground from the 20th floor at a construction site.[116] North Point, Hong Kong 11 25 April 2019 An elevator fell at a construction site due to a snapped cable.[117] Hengshui, China 11 29 July 2011 A mine-shaft elevator fell at the Bazhanov coal mine.[118] Makiivka, Ukraine 10 27 March 1964 A steel cable hit a mine-shaft elevator at the Sachsen coal mine, killing 10 workers, including 5 Turkish nationals.[119] Heeßen, West Germany 10 6 September 2014 An elevator plunged 32 stories at a construction site.[120] Istanbul, Turkey Peacetime maritime Main article: List of maritime disasters Accidents with at least 500 deaths. This section lists peacetime shipping disasters only. Deaths Date Incident 4,386+ 20 December 1987 MV Doña Paz (collision with the oil tanker MT Vector in the Tablas Strait, Philippines). Casualty estimates vary because of thousands of passengers not listed on the manifest.[121] 2,750-4,000+ 3 December 1948 SS Kiangya (China) Casualty estimates vary because of thousands of passengers not listed on the manifest.[122] 1,863 26 September 2002 MV Le Joola (Senegal) 1,547 27 April 1865 Sultana (Mississippi River) 1,514 15 April 1912 RMS Titanic (North Atlantic) c. 1,500 6 February 1822 Tek Sing (near the Belvidere Shoals in the South China Sea) 1,500 27 January 1949 Taiping (East China Sea) ~1,500 16 February, 1993 Ferry Neptune (off Miragoane) 1,159 26 September 1954 Tōya Maru (Tsugaru Strait) 1,024 29 May 1914 RMS Empress of Ireland (Saint Lawrence River) 1,021 15 June 1904 PS General Slocum (New York, United States) 1,012 3 February 2006 MS al-Salam Boccaccio 98, (Red Sea) 1,000 22 September 1912 SS Kiche Maru (off Honshu, Japan) 1,000 22 April 1916 SS Hsin-Yu (Zhoushan) c. 1,000 c. 3 March 1921 SS Hong Moh (South China Sea) 900 16 September 1927 Wusung (Kuril Islands, Empire of Japan)[123] 900 c. 4 October 1744 HMS Victory (60 miles off Plymouth, England, near Black Rock) 894 21 May 1996 MV Bukoba (Lake Victoria, Tanzania) 852 28 September 1994 MS Estonia (Baltic Sea) 464–850 14 December 1991 MV Salem Express (Red Sea) 844 24 July 1915 SS Eastland (Chicago) 832 21 June 2008 MV Princess of the Stars (capsized by Typhoon Fengshen off Sibuyan Island, Philippines) 829 15 February 1760 HMS Ramillies (Devon, England) 826 22 September 1857 Lefort (Gulf of Finland) 800+ 29 August 1782 HMS Royal George (Portsmouth, England) 746 8 November 1888 SS Vaitarna (lost in cyclonic storm of coast of Saurashtra, Gujarat, India)[124] 741 12 December 1939 SS Indigirka (Sarufutsu, Japan) 737 6 May 1902 SS Camorta (Irrawaddy Delta) 736 26 November 1914 HMS Bulwark (1899) (Sheerness, England) 731 24 December 1811 HMS St George (Ringkøbing, Denmark) 702 1 January 1738 Leusden (Marowijne, Suriname) 673 17 March 1800 HMS Queen Charlotte (Cabrera) c. 640 3 September 1878 SS Princess Alice and SS Bywell Castle (River Thames) 644 2 September 1819 San Telmo (Drake Passage, Antarctica) 627 28 June 1904 SS Norge (Rockall) 625 17 July 1947 SS Ramdas (1947 Ramdas Ship Disaster, off Bombay, India) 608 29 October 1955 Novorossiysk (Sevastopol) 600+ 24 December 1811 List of vessels lost on the Haak Sand on 24 December 1811 600+ 3 September 1691 HMS Coronation (West of Penlee Point, Rame, England) 600 c. 16 September 1782 – c. 17 September 1782 HMS Glorieux (Newfoundland, Canada) 600 25 May 1986 1986 Bangladesh MV Shamia ferry incident (Meghna River, southern Barisa, Bangladesh) 583 24 December 1811 HMS Defence (Jutland. Denmark) 580 27 January 1981 Indonesian passenger ship Tampomas II (caught fire and sank in Java Sea) 575 9 January 1920 SS Afrique (Bay of Biscay) 570 22 December 1810 HMS Minotaur (off Texel, Netherlands) 565 4 July 1898 SS La Bourgogne (Sable Island, Nova Scotia) 564 17 March 1891 SS Utopia (Bay of Gibraltar) 558 5 March 1916 SS Principe de Asturias (off Brazil) 550 29 June 2000 Cahaya Bahari (off Sulawesi, Indonesia)[125][126] 546 1 April 1873 RMS Atlantic (Nova Scotia) 533 18 September 1890 Ertuğrul (Kushimoto, Japan) 530 8 July 2003 MV Nasrin-1 (Chandpur, Bangladesh) 520 14 April 1749 HMS Namur (Tamil Nadu, India) 500 c. 1794-04 HMS Ardent (Villefranche-sur-Mer, France) 500–1,500 16 February 1993 Ferry Neptune (Haiti) 500–600 25 May 1986 1986 Bangladesh MV Shamia ferry incident (Meghna River, Bangladesh) 500 29 January 1986 Atlas Star (Dhaleswar River, Munshiganj, Bangladesh)[127][128] Rail Main article: Lists of rail accidents Accidents with at least 200 deaths. Deaths Date Incident Location 900–1,700[129] 26 December 2004 Sri Lankan tsunami train wreck Galle District, Southern Province, Sri Lanka 800–1,000[130] 13 January 1917 Ciurea rail disaster Iasi County, Romania 675+[131] 12 December 1917 Saint-Michel-de-Maurienne derailment Saint-Michel-de-Maurienne, Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France 600+[132] 24 January 1944 Vereshchyovka train disaster Oryol Oblast, Soviet Union 600+[133] 22 January 1915 Guadalajara train disaster Guadalajara, Mexico 575[134] 4 June 1989 Ufa train disaster Ufa, Soviet Union 517 3 March 1944 Balvano train disaster Balvano, Basilicata, Italy 428 13 January 1985 Awash rail disaster Awash, Afar, Ethiopia ~400 26 December 2023 Dancheon train disaster Tanchon, North Korea 383+ 20 February 2002 Al Ayatt train disaster Egypt 370 27 December 1944 Stará Kremnička derailment[135] Stará Kremnička, Slovakia 360 9 July 1981 1981 Chengdu-Kunming rail crash Ganluo County, China 358 20 August 1995 Firozabad rail disaster Firozabad, Uttar Pradesh, India 338 29 April 1997 Rongjiawan train disaster Rongjiawan, Hunan, China 320 18 February 2004 Nishapur train disaster Iran 307 4 January 1990 Sukkur rail disaster Sangi, Sindh, Pakistan 300 7 January 1918 Changsha rail disaster [de] Changsha, China 300~ 21 June 1915 Monte Morelas[136] Mexico 300 22 September 1994 Tolunda rail disaster[137] Angola 300 29 September 1957 Gambar train crash[138] Montgomery, Punjab, Pakistan 296 2 June 2023 Odisha train collision[139] Bahanaga, Baleshwar, Odisha, India 289 28 October 1995 Baku Metro fire Baku, Azerbaijan 285 2 August 1999 Gaisal train disaster Gaisal, West Bengal, India 281 24 June 2002 Igandu train disaster Tanzania 278 22 December 1939 Genthin rail disaster Genthin, Germany 248 14 March 1926 El Virilla train accident[140] Costa Rica 235 6 June 1981 Bihar train derailment[141] Bihar, India 230 23 December 1933 Lagny-Pomponne Railroad Disaster France 226 22 May 1915 Quintinshill rail crash Scotland 212 26 November 1998 Khanna rail disaster Khanna, Ludhiana, Punjab, India 208 4 October 1972 Saltillo, Coahuila Mexico 207 28 July 1948 BASF tank car explosion [de] Ludwigshafen, Germany 200 17 March 1982 Bau Ca train wreck [vi] Dong Nai, Vietnam Road Main article: Lists of traffic collisions Accidents with at least 90 deaths. This list does not include motor vehicle collisions which occurred at sporting events. Deaths Date Incident Location 230 2 July 2010 Sange road tanker explosion[142] Sange, South Kivu, DRC 219 25 June 2017 Bahawalpur explosion[143] Bahawalpur, Pakistan 217 11 July 1978 Los Alfaques disaster[144] Tarragona, Spain 207 15 February 1991 Thung Maphrao truck explosion[145] Thung Maphrao, Phang Nga, Thailand 206 17 September 2015 2015 Juba tanker explosion[21] Juba, South Sudan 168–3,000 3 November 1982 Salang Tunnel fire[144][146] Salang Pass, Hindu Kush, Afghanistan 154 5 November 2021 Freetown fuel tanker explosion Freetown, Sierra Leone 125 6 December 1965 Sotouba truck collision[144] Sotouba, Togo 121 12 July 2012 Okobie road tanker explosion[147] Okobie, Nigeria 115 17 November 2016 Caphiridzange tanker explosion[148] Caphiridzange, Mozambique 113 31 January 2009 Molo road tanker fire Molo, Kenya, Kenya 110 12 March 1995 Tamil Nadu truck collision[149] Sriperumbudur, Tamil Nadu, India 104 18 August 1968 Gero bus crash[144] Gero, Gifu, Japan 100–200 5 November 2000 Ibadan road tanker explosion[150] Ibadan, Lagos, Nigeria 100+ 10 August 2019 Morogoro fuel tanker explosion[151] Morogoro, Tanzania 98 28 March 2007 Kagarko truck explosion Kagarko, Kaduna, Nigeria 96 12 July 1992 Machakos bus crash[152] Machakos, Kenya 94 8 June 1999 Karnataka bus crash[153] Karnataka, India 90 15 November 1976 Mafeteng bus crash Mafeteng, Lesotho 90 29 June 1980 Kashmir bus crash[144] Kashmir, India 90 24 June 2004 Zahedan bus crash[154] Zahedan, Iran 90+ 14 December 2021 Cap-Haïtien tanker explosion[155] Cap-Haïtien, Haiti 81–115 6 January 1967 Cavite bus crash[156] Cavite, Philippines Space For a more comprehensive list, see List of spaceflight-related accidents and incidents. Deaths Date Incident 54–300 24 October 1960 Nedelin catastrophe, Baikonur Cosmodrome, Kazakh SSR, Soviet Union – occurred on ground before launch 53 9 August 1965 1965 Searcy missile silo fire, near Searcy, Arkansas, U.S. – occurred on ground before launch 48 18 March 1980 1980 Plesetsk launch pad disaster, Plesetsk Cosmodrome, Mirny, Arkhangelsk Oblast, Soviet Union – occurred on ground before launch 21 22 August 2003 2003 Alcântara VLS accident, Alcântara, Brazil – occurred on ground before launch 7 28 January 1986 Space Shuttle Challenger disaster, crashed over Florida, U.S. 7 1 February 2003 Space Shuttle Columbia disaster, crashed over Texas and Louisiana, U.S. 6-300+ 15 February 1996 Intelsat 708, Xichang Satellite Launch Center, Sichuan, China, Launch vehicle veered off course immediately after liftoff and struck a nearby village, officially killing at least six people (although other estimates put the death count higher). 3 27 January 1967 Apollo 1, Cape Canaveral Air Force Station, Cape Canaveral, FL, U.S. – occurred on ground during a "plugs out" test. 3 30 June 1971 Soyuz 11, depressurized in space; only deaths in space as of 2024 1 24 April 1967 Soyuz 1, southeast of Orenburg, Russia 1 15 November 1967 X-15 Flight 191, near Edwards AFB, California, U.S. 1 31 October 2014 VSS Enterprise crash, suborbital, Mojave Desert, California, U.S., other pilot survived Other Smog Accidents with at least 150 deaths. Deaths Date Incident 12,000 5–9 December 1952 The Great Smog of London (5–9 December 1952). Delayed fatalities rise from 10,000 to 12,000.[157] 2,200 1880 Coal smog (London, 1880).[158] 1,000 December 1956 1956 London smog.[159] 780 December 1873 1873 London smog[160] 779 December 1892 1892 London smog[161] 700–800 December 1948 1948 London smog[161] 300–405 January–February 1963 1963 New York City smog 300–400 December 1962 1962 London smog[159] 220–240 November 1953 1953 New York City smog 168 23–25 November 1966 1966 New York City smog 160 12–15 December 1991 Smog (London, 12–15 December 1991)[162] See also Lists of death tolls List of natural disasters by death toll References "Solving a Mystery of 400 Years-An Explanation to the "explosion" in Downtown Beijing in the Year of 1626 – Research Paper". allbestessays.com. Archived from the original on 19 September 2018. Retrieved 19 September 2018. "7 de agosto de 1956, el día en que la 'Sucursal del Cielo' fue un infierno". caracol.com.co. 7 August 2016. Retrieved 1 March 2021. Jeremy Plester (16 June 2011). "Weatherwatch: Lightning made castles and churches very dangerous places". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 19 August 2014. Retrieved 16 August 2014. "Historical Events for Year 1769". historyorb.com. 28 May 1769. Archived from the original on 19 August 2014. Retrieved 16 August 2014. "Loss of 6000 Chinese troops in explosion of ship disclosed". The Deseret News. 6 December 1948. Archived from the original on 30 October 2020. Retrieved 23 September 2018. David L. Williams (1 October 2012). In Titanic's Shadow: The World's Worst Merchant Ship Disasters. History Press. pp. 187–. ISBN 978-0-7524-7713-8. Archived from the original on 30 October 2020. Retrieved 26 August 2018. MiguelGalindo y Galindo (21 October 2019). Catástrofe de Chalchicomula (PDF). Secretaria de Fomento. pp. 233–237. Archived (PDF) from the original on 5 March 2016. Retrieved 21 October 2019. "Halifax Explosion Remembrance &Book". Nova Scotia Archives and Records Management. Province of Nova Scotia. Archived from the original on 11 October 2007. Retrieved 4 November 2007. SmederevoWelcome -. "June 5th 1941 Explosion in Smederevo". SmederevoWelcome. Archived from the original on 19 September 2018. Retrieved 19 September 2018. "No dia 16 de Setembro de 1732, deu-se a explosão do paiol de Campo Maior". 16 September 2010. Archived from the original on 19 November 2018. Retrieved 18 November 2018. "Igespar Ip | Heritage". Archived from the original on 17 March 2012. "1,200 Die as Yangtse Troopship Blows Up". The New York Times. 17 October 1926. Archived from the original on 21 September 2013. Retrieved 10 February 2017. "621 dead in dynamite blast". The Madison Lake Times. 5 March 1925. Archived from the original on 30 October 2020. Retrieved 23 September 2018. Jar Torre, Luis (November 2009). "Un Desastre a la Española". Revista General de Marina (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 4 April 2023. Retrieved 14 September 2022 – via páginas personales de Juan Manuel Grijalvo. Upi (26 March 1984). "DEATH TOLL IN BRAZILIAN FIRE IS NOW PUT AT 508 (Published 1984)". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 14 April 2021. Retrieved 7 February 2021. "1984, Feb 25: Explosion kills hundreds in Brazil". nafi.org. Archived from the original on 14 February 2021. Retrieved 7 February 2021. Ryan, Missy (31 December 2001). "Over 200 die in Peru fireworks blaze". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on 29 December 2019. Retrieved 29 December 2019. ja:沖縄県営鉄道輸送弾薬爆発事故 "At Least 223 Artsakh Armenians Killed During Azerbaijan's Offensive in September". Asbarez. 5 January 2024. Retrieved 4 June 2024. "Vor 60 Jahren: Explosionsunglück erschüttert BASF". Stuttgarter Nachrichten online (in German). Archived from the original on 30 July 2010. Retrieved 22 August 2010. "Death Toll Tops 200 in South Sudan Fuel Tanker Explosion". voaafrica.com. 30 September 2015. Retrieved 26 October 2023. José A. Aparicio Florido. "Recordando la catástrofe de San Juanico". La Voz Profesional de los Servicios de Bomberos (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 19 April 2008. Retrieved 21 April 2008. Kawabata, Tai, "Film mines rich seams of history Archived 14 August 2011 at the Wayback Machine", Japan Times, 14 August 2011, p. 8. "Mine explosion kills hundreds in India". HISTORY.com. Archived from the original on 5 September 2015. Retrieved 16 August 2015. "Das Grubenunglück Luisenthal 1962" (in German). Archived from the original on 11 December 2015. Retrieved 8 November 2015. 山西襄汾溃坝事故12名涉嫌职务犯罪嫌疑人被判刑 (in Chinese). Xinhua News Agency. 27 June 2009. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 21 November 2013. 开县井喷事故案宣判 6名直接责任人被判刑 (in Chinese). Xinhua News Agency. 4 September 2004. Archived from the original on 20 November 2004. Retrieved 21 November 2013. Samuel Upton Newtan (2007). Nuclear War I and Other Major Nuclear Disasters of the 20th Century. AuthorHouse. pp. 237–240. ISBN 978-1-4259-8512-7. Archived from the original on 14 February 2017. Retrieved 21 September 2016. Windscale fire Benjamin K. Sovacool. The costs of failure: A preliminary assessment of major energy accidents, 1907–2007, Energy Policy 36 (2008), p. 1806. Benjamin K. Sovacool. A Critical Evaluation of Nuclear Power and Renewable Electricity in Asia, Journal of Contemporary Asia, Vol. 40, No. 3, August 2010, p. 396. "IAEA Report". In Focus: Chernobyl. Archived from the original on 11 June 2008. Retrieved 31 May 2008. "Investigation of an accidental Exposure of radiotherapy patients in Panama" (PDF). International Atomic Energy Agency. Archived (PDF) from the original on 30 July 2013. Retrieved 17 January 2011. Johnston, Robert (23 September 2007). "Deadliest radiation accidents and other events causing radiation casualties". Database of Radiological Incidents and Related Events. Archived from the original on 23 October 2007. Retrieved 13 January 2011. Igor Gusev; Angelina Guskova; Fred A. Mettler (2001). Medical Management of Radiation Accidents, Second Edition. CRC Press. pp. 299, 303. ISBN 978-1-4200-3719-7. Archived from the original on 13 September 2014. Retrieved 21 September 2016. Strengthening the Safety of Radiation Sources Archived 26 March 2009 at the Wayback Machine p. 15. "The Worst Nuclear Disasters". Time. Archived from the original on 26 August 2013. Retrieved 15 November 2014. Ricks, Robert C.; et al. (2000). "REAC/TS Radiation Accident Registry: Update of Accidents in the United States" (PDF). International Radiation Protection Association. p. 6. Archived (PDF) from the original on 25 July 2011. Retrieved 13 January 2011. Osnos, Evan. "Faust, China, and Nuclear Power," The New Yorker, Wednesday 12 October 2011. Retrieved at http://www.newyorker.com/online/blogs/evanosnos/2011/10/faust-china-and-nuclear-power.html/ on 12 October 2011 mirrored at https://web.archive.org/web/20140315044350/http://www.newyorker.com/online/blogs/evanosnos/2011/10/faust-china-and-nuclear-power.html "July 12, 1961 – Lest We Forget". sakaaltimes.com. Archived from the original on 1 April 2016. Retrieved 16 April 2018. "Dados: O números da tragédia de Brumadinho". Archived from the original on 30 October 2020. Retrieved 10 August 2020. "История на село Згориград – Згориград". Згориград. Archived from the original on 1 December 2021. Retrieved 16 April 2018. "Трагедиата". 28 July 2012. Archived from the original on 28 July 2012. Retrieved 16 April 2018. "Las corralejas: sangrar por la gloria". 8 February 2004. Archived from the original on 29 November 2014. Retrieved 15 November 2014. "图文：广东东莞发生塌楼事件八死逾四十伤". chinanews.com.cn. Retrieved 22 September 2023. "Chinese Mall Collapses, Scores Feared Dead". United States: ABC News. Retrieved 22 September 2023. "Death toll in Chungking fire is put at 2,845". Archived from the original on 26 October 2012. "Hope fades for water park victims". BBC News. 16 February 2004. Archived from the original on 19 March 2004. Retrieved 13 September 2006. "Bodies of 27 'burnt beyond recognition' after a massive fire in Indian amusement park, relatives say". Associated Press. 25 May 2004. Archived from the original on 20 October 2024. Retrieved 26 May 2024. Chen, Claire; Wu, Jeffrey (29 November 2015). "Months after water park fire, 15th burn victim dies". Central News Agency. Archived from the original on 30 November 2015. Retrieved 30 November 2015. Robinson, Kathleen. "Haunted by fire". NFPA Journal. Archived from the original on 13 August 2017. Retrieved 18 November 2016. "Seven die at fun fair: Suddenly fire and smoke make the mock horror real". The Age. 11 June 1979. Retrieved 24 November 2016.[permanent dead link] Jüttner, Julia (26 June 2009). "Life Is a Rollercoaster: The Downfall of a Funfair Family". Spiegel Online. Hamburg, Germany. Archived from the original on 21 August 2016. Retrieved 17 November 2016. "14.08.1981: Der Tag, an dem der Dom zur Todesfalle wurde". MOPO.de (in German). Archived from the original on 20 March 2016. Retrieved 17 November 2016. Maloney, Rob (12 September 2014). "Not So Amusing: Amusement Park Fires". Fireengineering.ccom. Archived from the original on 31 January 2018. Carothers, Christopher. "Deadly Chinese Amusement Park Mystery". The Wall Street Journal. Archived from the original on 20 November 2016. Retrieved 17 November 2016. Merrill, Jamie (6 June 2015). "attersea Park big dipper disaster in 1972: The funfair tragedy the nation forgot". The Independent. Archived from the original on 3 November 2016. 조, 정호 (13 August 2007). "부산 놀이공원 관람차 탑승객 추락..일가족 5명 사망(종합2보)". Archived from the original on 27 April 2024. "Five people dead in mass electrocution at water park in Turkey". The Independent. 23 June 2017. Archived from the original on 23 June 2017. Retrieved 23 June 2017. "Most People Don't Know About This Tragic Event in Nebraska History". OnlyInYourState. Archived from the original on 18 September 2018. Retrieved 18 September 2018. "Krug Park". Omaha Magazine. 28 April 2015. Archived from the original on 18 September 2018. Retrieved 18 September 2018. "Dreamworld deaths: Four fatalities in horror Thunder River Rapids accident". Brisbane Times. 25 October 2016. Archived from the original on 26 October 2016. Retrieved 25 October 2016. Franklin, Jasmine (14 June 2011). "Mindbender tragedy, 25 years later". Edmonton Sun. Archived from the original on 29 July 2014. Retrieved 19 July 2014. "Archives 1978: A tragic day at 6 Flags". St. Louis Post-Dispatch. Archived from the original on 10 February 2017. Retrieved 19 March 2017. Humphrey, John H. (1986). Roman Circuses: Arenas for Chariot Racing. University of California Press. pp. 80, 102, 126–9. ISBN 978-0-520-04921-5. Mommsen, Theodor (1892). Chronica minora saec. IV. V. VI. VII. Added t.-p.: Monvmenta Germaniae historica... Edidit Societas aperiendis fontibvs rervm germanicarvm medii aevi. Avctorvm antiqvissimorvm tomvs IX, XI, XIII (in Latin). apvd Weidmannos. Archived from the original on 30 October 2020. Retrieved 30 May 2019. "1964: La tragedia de Lima | Historia del Fútbol Olímpico". Univision.com. 17 February 2011. Archived from the original on 29 June 2012. Retrieved 12 January 2013. Kathmandustadiumdisaster Rogers, Mark (27 June 2008). "La puerta 12: Interview with Pablo Tesoriere". theargentimes.com. Archived from the original on 10 August 2011. Retrieved 23 April 2010. Зайкин, В. (20 July 1989). Трагедия в Лужниках. Факты и вымысел. Известия (in Russian) (202). Archived from the original on 15 September 2018. Retrieved 6 February 2012. "El fútbol soporta otro golpe". elcolombiano.com. Archived from the original on 25 February 2012. Retrieved 15 November 2014. "Stampede at soccer match leaves 22 dead, 100 injured". UPI. Archived from the original on 21 January 2021. Retrieved 24 February 2021. Eskanazi, Joe (15 August 2012). "Sudden Death: Boys Fell to Their Doom in S.F.'s Forgotten Disaster". San Francisco Weekly. Archived from the original on 17 June 2014. Retrieved 23 June 2014. |- Olympiacos Official website for Karaiskaki stadium Gate 7 tragedy of 8/2/1981 Archived 4 February 2014 at the Wayback Machine(and in Greek Archived 31 July 2016 at the Wayback Machine). Also in the Greek Wikipedia entry for Olympiacos including the names of the dead. "Cold weather in China kills 21 in ultramarathon, sparks outrage". Reuters. 23 May 2021. Archived from the original on 24 May 2021. Retrieved 23 May 2021. |- Furiani disaster wiki (and in French). "Shibaji Banerjee signs certificates on 'Football Lovers Day'". Archived from the original on 7 February 2019. Retrieved 6 February 2019. "Kolkatafootball.com|indian Football News, pic, stats, article | Indian Football News 2015". Archived from the original on 17 October 2015. Retrieved 6 February 2019. "Alfonso de Portago". F1 Racing: 1957 season profile. Crash. Archived from the original on 30 October 2020. Retrieved 18 May 2008. "Motorsport Memorial -". Archived from the original on 21 January 2016. Retrieved 16 August 2015. "The Tenerife disaster – Two Boeing 747 collided". 1001crash.com. Archived from the original on 6 November 2018. Retrieved 18 September 2018. Ranter, Harro. "ASN Aircraft accident Boeing 747SR-46 JA8119 Ueno Village, Tano District, Gunma Prefecture". aviation-safety.net. Archived from the original on 6 September 2011. Retrieved 18 September 2018. Cooper, Kenneth J. "At Least 349 Are Killed in Collision". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 26 June 2013. Retrieved 18 September 2018. "Rediff on the NeT: Charkhi Dadri collision report expected this weekend". 10 April 2014. Archived from the original on 10 April 2014. Retrieved 18 September 2018. Ranter, Harro. "ASN Aircraft accident McDonnell Douglas DC-10-10 TC-JAV Bois d'Ermenonville". aviation-safety.net. Archived from the original on 20 October 2018. Retrieved 18 September 2018. Ranter, Harro. "ASN Aircraft accident Lockheed L-1011 TriStar 200 HZ-AHK Riyadh International Airport (RUH)". aviation-safety.net. Archived from the original on 29 November 2014. Retrieved 18 September 2018. Ranter, Harro. "ASN Aircraft accident Boeing 777-2H6ER 9M-MRD Hrabove". aviation-safety.net. Archived from the original on 3 June 2020. Retrieved 29 June 2020. 19880703-0A30BEP-IBU.pdf (aviation-safety.net) Ranter, Harro. "ASN Aircraft accident Ilyushin 76MD 15-2280 Kerman". aviation-safety.net. Archived from the original on 18 September 2018. Retrieved 18 September 2018. "National Transportation Safety Board – American Airlines Accident Report" (PDF). Library Online. Archived (PDF) from the original on 29 January 2019. "Flashback: Kaprun ski train fire". BBC News. 19 February 2004. Archived from the original on 22 January 2009. Retrieved 14 April 2009. "BBC ON THIS DAY | 9 | 1976: Scores die in cable car tragedy". 9 March 1976. Archived from the original on 26 January 2017. "1998: Military jet causes cable car tragedy". BBC: On this day. 3 February 1998. Archived from the original on 7 January 2017. Retrieved 31 December 2016. "A Visual Compendium of Ski Lift Accidents". Illicitsnowboarding.com. Archived from the original on 20 November 2016. Retrieved 20 November 2016. "Major worldwide cable car accidents since 1976". CNN. Archived from the original on 17 April 2016. Retrieved 20 November 2016. 覃文武,黄永文 (11 October 1999). "贵州马岭游客缆车坠毁纪实". 中国青年报. Archived from the original on 26 October 2020. Retrieved 26 May 2021. "Italy cable car fall: 14 dead after accident near Lake Maggiore". BBC News. 23 May 2021. Archived from the original on 29 October 2021. Retrieved 23 May 2021. "Past cable car accidents". Tulsa World. 12 November 2000. Archived from the original on 30 October 2020. Retrieved 30 December 2016. "The Splintered Remains". Reuters. Archived from the original on 31 December 2016. Retrieved 30 December 2016. "12 Perish As Cable Car Falls". Pakistan Point News. Archived from the original on 30 October 2020. Retrieved 29 June 2017. Henley, Jon (2 July 1999). "20 killed in cable car disaster". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 20 November 2016. Retrieved 20 November 2016. "As Many As 100 Feared Dead in Gold Mine Accident". Associated Press. 11 May 1995. Archived from the original on 26 April 2019. Retrieved 26 April 2019. "Vaal Reefs". Minerals Council South Africa. Archived from the original on 26 April 2019. Retrieved 26 April 2019. "Mine Disaster Toll Could be 62". Associated Press. 2 September 1987. Archived from the original on 26 April 2019. Retrieved 26 April 2019. "St Helena". Minerals Council South Africa. Archived from the original on 26 April 2019. Retrieved 26 April 2019. Maree, Hein (30 April 2010). "Developing a Systemic Disaster Prevention Paradigm" (PDF). UCT. Department of Mineral and Energy Affairs (1981). Report on the Circumstances Attending the Accident in No. 2 Shaft, Vaal Reefs Exploration and Mining Company Limited, in the Magisterial District of Klerksdorp, on 27 March 1980, which Caused the Death of 3 White and 28 Black Persons. G.M.E. report. Government Printer, South Africa. "19 workers in Wuhan killed after elevator plunges 100m". The Global Times. 14 September 2012. Archived from the original on 26 April 2019. Retrieved 26 April 2019. "Lift Crashes". Australian Cable Service. 15 October 1932. Archived from the original on 25 May 2021. Retrieved 25 May 2021. "Lancashire Pit Disaster". Pathé News. 13 October 1932. Archived from the original on 25 May 2021. Retrieved 25 May 2021. "Memorial unveiled at Markham ceremony". ITV News. 30 July 2013. Archived from the original on 25 May 2021. Retrieved 25 May 2021. "Sixteen Killed When Cage Falls in Nanaimo Mine". Manitoba Free Press. 10 September 2018. Archived from the original on 5 May 2020. Retrieved 28 January 2023. Stoddard, Ed (28 November 2023). "Implats says 11 miners killed, 75 in hospital after conveyance cage tragedy in Rustenburg". Daily Maverick. "Death toll rises to 12 in Implats lift accident as miner dies in hospital". timeslive.co.za. 30 November 2023. Retrieved 12 December 2023. "Twelve dead in Fujian elevator accident". Macau Daily Times. 31 October 2008. Archived from the original on 26 April 2019. 1993年6月2日北角籠笠意外12死(無線)1 [June 2, 1993: Nakasa, North Point died 12 accidentally (wireless) 1], 8 July 2014, archived from the original on 21 December 2021, retrieved 14 June 2020 "11 die as elevator cable snaps at work site in north China". Associated Press. 25 April 2019. Archived from the original on 26 April 2019. Retrieved 26 April 2019. "34 killed, 6 injured in mining accidents". Ukrainian Journal. 31 July 2011. Archived from the original on 9 April 2018. Retrieved 26 April 2019. "18 Doden in Roergebied" [18 killed in Ruhr area]. De Telegraaf. 28 March 1964. Archived from the original on 7 April 2023. Retrieved 25 May 2021. "10 people killed in Istanbul elevator accident". Associated Press. 7 September 2014. Archived from the original on 26 April 2019. Retrieved 26 April 2019. "Bodies of 133 Found From Ferry Disaster, The Filipinos Report". The New York Times. Associated Press. 27 December 1987. Retrieved 26 January 2023. Jackson, Joe (20 January 2012). "SS Kiangya — China, 1948 | Unsafe at Sea: Asia's History of Deadly Ferry Disasters". Time. ISSN 0040-781X. Retrieved 3 December 2024. "REPORTS 900 DROWNED IN A JAPANESE WRECK". The New York Times. 17 September 1927. Retrieved 10 September 2019. Vashi, Ashish (6 May 2010). "Gujarat saw a Titanic in 1888". The Times of India. Archived from the original on 5 May 2015. Retrieved 3 June 2015. "Hundreds of Indonesian Refugees believed dead After Shipwreck – Indonesia | ReliefWeb". 30 June 2000. Mydans, Seth (30 June 2000). "Indonesian Ferry with 500 Aboard Vanishes Without Trace". The New York Times. "Ferry Disaster in Bangladesh". The New York Times. 22 April 1986. "Bangladesh Ferry Overturns; 175 Bodies Found, Hundreds Missing". Los Angeles Times. 22 April 1986. Steele, Jonathan (29 December 2004). "One train, more than 1,700 dead". The Guardian. Retrieved 2 October 2018. Constantin Botez (1977). Epopeea feroviară românească. Bucharest: Editura Sport-Turism. pp. 151–152. "Histoires 14-18 : la catastrophe ferroviaire de Saint-Michel-de-Maurienne". franceinfo (in French). 7 December 2017. Retrieved 1 April 2018. "Блоггер раскрыл тайну катастрофы поезда под Брянском" [The largest railway accident in Russian history occurred near Bryansk]. Bryansk Today (in Russian). 27 October 2015. Retrieved 2 July 2020. Burton, Tony. "Mexico this month". Mexconnect. Archived from the original on 15 January 2013. Retrieved 12 January 2013. "Toll up to 645 in Soviet train blast". Chicago Sun-Times. 26 July 1989. Retrieved 1 June 2010. "Havária nem. voj. transportu". OZ KAMENICA Stará Kremnička. Archived from the original on 28 December 2019. Retrieved 28 December 2019. Railroad Wrecks by Edgar A. Haine, publ 1993, p. 175. "World's worst rail disasters". 19 December 2007. Archived from the original on 22 December 2007. Retrieved 15 November 2014. "Train Disasters Interactive Timeline". CBS News. Archived from the original on 4 November 2012. Ramanath V, Riyan; Pradhan, Hemanta (July 2023). "6 Bahanaga victims' bodies handed over to relatives after DNA match". The Times of India. Retrieved 1 July 2023. The Times 16 March 1926, p. 16: 'Costa Rican Train Disaster' "Diving Operations to Extricate Dead Bodies Completed – Samastipur Rail Disaster" (PDF). Press Information Bureau of India (Press release). 12 June 1981. Archived (PDF) from the original on 7 February 2020. Retrieved 6 February 2020. "220 die after a fuel tanker exploded". BBC News. 3 July 2013. Archived from the original on 8 November 2016. Retrieved 2 January 2017. "Death toll in Pakistan oil tanker fire jumps to 212". The Peninsula. 5 July 2017. Archived from the original on 30 October 2020. Retrieved 5 July 2017. Panda, Sanjeeb. "10 Deadliest Road Accidents Around the World". Web Ennovations. Archived from the original on 20 November 2016. Retrieved 20 November 2016. New York Times 'Dynamite Blast in Thailand Leaves 122 Onlookers Dead' Archived 30 October 2020 at the Wayback Machine 16 February 1991. Retrieved 2 January 2017 "Truck explosion kills 3,000 in Afghanistan". History Channel. Archived from the original on 28 June 2022. Retrieved 16 February 2020. "Death toll rises to 121 after fuel tanker explosion in Nigeria". BNO News. 15 July 2012. Archived from the original on 18 January 2013. Retrieved 2 January 2017. "Judgement day for Caphiridzange tanker explosion tragedy – Mozambique". 4 July 2018. Retrieved 11 December 2023. Withington, John (29 December 2009). "Bus crashes". Disaster History. Archived from the original on 1 December 2016. Retrieved 30 November 2016. Nigerian tanker inferno kills over 100 Archived 20 September 2016 at the Wayback Machine, 5 November 2000 "Death toll of Morogoro fuel tanker fire hits 100". The Citizen. 10 April 2021. Retrieved 26 October 2023. "(VIDEOS) 15 Horrible Road Accidents in Kenya's History". Barongo KE. Retrieved 1 July 2023. "South Asia | Karnataka bus toll rises". BBC News. 9 June 1999. Archived from the original on 10 August 2014. Retrieved 7 February 2013. UNEP APELL News Report Archived 28 September 2007 at the Wayback Machine 25 June 2004 "Haiti truck blast: Death toll rises to 90, but still 'incomplete'". Al Jazeera. 20 December 2021. Retrieved 26 October 2023. "More Than 115 Die When Buses Hurtle into Manila Ravine". Ocala Star–Banner. Vol. 24. Ocala, Florida. 6 January 1967. p. 1. Archived from the original on 20 September 2022. Retrieved 17 September 2022. Great Smog of London Sanford, Christopher (17 December 2004). "Urban Medicine: Threats to Health of Travelers to Developing World Cities: Air Pollution". Medscape. Archived from the original on 9 December 2012. Retrieved 11 December 2010. Prindle, Richard A. (1963). "Notes Made During the London Smog in December, 1962". Archives of Environmental Health. 7 (4): 495. doi:10.1080/00039896.1963.10663572. PMID 14054994. Tavernise, Sabrina (10 November 2016). "A Lesson for India in a Fog So Thick It Could Kill a Cow". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 9 August 2020. Retrieved 24 July 2020. Heidorn, K. C. (December 1978). "A Chronology of important Events in the History of Air Pollution Meteorology to 1970". Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society. 59 (12): 1591. Bibcode:1978BAMS...59.1589H. doi:10.1175/1520-0477(1978)0592.0.CO;2. ISSN 1520-0477. Pearce, Fred (5 December 1992). "Back to the days of deadly smogs". New Scientist. Archived from the original on 22 October 2012. Retrieved 11 December 2010. vte Disasters Overview Lists by death tollby costAustraliaBangladeshCanadaChinaCroatiaCzech RepublicEstoniaGreat Britain and IrelandHaitiIndiaIndonesiaJapanMaltaNew ZealandPakistanPhilippinesPolandPortugalRomaniaSouth KoreaSwedenThailandUnited StatesVietnam Disasters vte Natural disasters – list by death toll Geological Mass wasting LandslideAvalancheMudflowDebris flow Earthquake (List) Seismic hazardSeismic riskSoil liquefaction Volcano eruption Pyroclastic flow LaharVolcanic ash Natural erosion Sinkhole Hydrological Flood (List) Coastal floodFlash floodStorm surge Other Tsunami MegatsunamiLimnic eruption Meteorological Temperature BlizzardCold waveIce stormHeat wave Drought Megadrought Cyclonic storms Bomb cycloneThunderstorm (Hail)Tornado (Tornado outbreak)Tropical cyclone Other DerechoWildfire FirestormARkStorm Astronomical Potentially hazardous objectImpact eventMeteor showerGeomagnetic stormSolar flareSupernovaHypernova Unrelated to natural hazards Accidents Transport RailMaritimeShipwreckAirSpaceflight Industrial Structural failures and collapsesBridgeDamMiningNuclear by death tollCivilian radiationCivilian nuclearMilitary nuclearOil spillsLevee breachMast and towerInfrastructure Health Famine ListFamine scalesEpidemic listPandemicBiosecurityOpioid epidemicDiseases of affluenceDisease of despairDiseases of poverty Man-made Crowd collapses and crushesEconomic crisesEnvironmental disasters Sacrifice zoneMilitaryWarsTerrorist incidentsRiotsNightclub fires Preparation Disaster risk reductionEarthquake preparednessHurricane preparednessSafetySurvival kit Countermeasures Humanitarian aidEmergency population warningEmergency Alert SystemEarthquake warning systemEvacuationsEmergency managementHurricane responseCrisis managementDisaster area Media Disaster film (List of disaster films) Organizations Civil defense (List of civil defense organisations)International Association of Emergency ManagersInternational Disaster and Risk ConferenceDisaster Accountability ProjectInternational Disaster Emergency Service WikiProject Disambiguation icon This article includes an events-related list of lists. Categories: Lists of events listsLists of disastersLists by death toll famous ships View article for: Kids Students Scholars Article Images & Videos Print (Subscriber Feature) Email (Subscriber Feature) Cite (Subscriber Feature) Translate (Subscriber Feature) Listen (Subscriber Feature) Contents + Expand Introduction Mystery Ships Mutiny on the High Seas—The Bounty The Steamboat Disaster at Sea Ships of War Did You Know? “Old Ironsides” was made of wood. The ship got its nickname when enemy cannonballs bounced off its side. Related resources for this article Articles Primary Sources & E-Books Websites View search results for: Introduction War of 1812: USS Constitution Yale University Art Gallery; Mabel Brady Garvan Collection (1946.9.434) Yale University Art Gallery; Mabel Brady Garvan Collection (1946.9.434) Lusitania: newspaper report Hulton Archive/Getty Images Hulton Archive/Getty Images The epic of people’s experience at sea is one of the most absorbing chapters in human history. Recounted here are the stories of ships and people who have become a part of this saga. Some of these ships were abandoned, and some vanished mysteriously. The tale of a famous mutiny is told and that of a thrilling race. Stories of disasters and of gallant warships and the brave people who sailed them are recounted. Some of the ships engaged in decisive naval battles, and one was a steamship whose sinking nearly led to war. Mystery Ships Perhaps the most intriguing of the sea tales concern “mystery” ships. Some of these ships were strangely abandoned at sea and later discovered aimlessly drifting. Others disappeared—“swallowed up,” as it were, crew, passengers, and all—without leaving a trace. Still other mystery ships were classified simply as phantom ships. The Mary Celeste Mary Celeste The History Collection/Alamy The History Collection/Alamy The American brig Mary Celeste, found abandoned in the North Atlantic Ocean in 1872, is one of the best known of the mystery ships. On December 4 of that year a lookout on the English brig Dei Gratia sighted another brig bearing down on it from the east. The sails on the approaching ship were not fully set; there was an ominous look about it. At the time the ships were about 400 miles (640 kilometers) from the Azores, an island chain located about 1,000 miles (1,600 kilometers) off the coast of Portugal. The approaching ship was the Mary Celeste. It had left New York City for Genoa, Italy, with a cargo of alcohol on November 7, eight days prior to the departure of the Dei Gratia. The Mary Celeste should have already reached its destination. The captain of the Dei Gratia hailed the Mary Celeste, but there was no answer. He had a boat lowered and sent out men to investigate. An hour later the men returned. Not a soul, living or dead, had been found aboard the Mary Celeste, nor was there any clue as to what might have happened. Although there was water in the hold, the vessel was seaworthy. The logbook was on the mate’s desk. But the ship’s papers and the captain’s chronometer, sextant, and navigation books were gone. There was plenty of food and water, and there was no sign of violence. A longboat was missing, however. It was evident that the ship had been abandoned quickly, for pipes, tobacco, and the crew’s belongings were still aboard. Ten people had passed into oblivion—Captain Benjamin Briggs, his wife and two-year-old daughter, and a crew of seven. Numerous theories have been put forward to explain their disappearance. Some investigators have suggested that Briggs, fearing his cargo of alcohol might explode, ordered everyone into the longboat. Others have proposed that Briggs mistakenly thought the boat was taking on too much water and was about to sink, so he abandoned ship. Tied to the Mary Celeste by a towrope, the longboat may have become separated from it in heavy seas. No one will ever know. The fate of the passengers aboard the Mary Celeste remains one of the most baffling in the history of the sea. The Waratah and the Cyclops When disaster strikes a ship at sea and it goes to the bottom, there is usually some clue to its fate—a bit of debris or perhaps a floating life jacket. (Five years after the sinking of the British ocean liner Lusitania. a life jacket from the ship was found. The life jacket was floating along a wharf at Philadelphia, Pennsylvania—thousands of miles from where a German U-boat had sunk the ship in 1915.) But in the case of the British passenger freighter Waratah and that of the United States Navy collier USS Cyclops, no clues have ever been brought forward. The nearly 10,000-ton Waratah, only a year old, was last sighted off the coast of South Africa on July 27, 1909. The British passenger and cargo steamship traveled between the United Kingdom and Australia. Some observers described the ship as top-heavy. That may explain its disappearance: it may have “flipped over” from a large wave in heavy seas. With the ship vanished 211 people. USS Cyclops U.S. Naval Historical Center Photograph U.S. Naval Historical Center Photograph Equally mystifying is the disappearance of the USS Cyclops—a 19,000-ton ship with 309 people aboard. The ship disappeared about eight months before the end of World War I. It was last heard from in March 1918 while en route to Baltimore, Maryland, from the island of Barbados in the West Indies. Most logical explanations for the ship’s disappearance—such as severe weather or a German submarine attack—were discounted for lack of evidence. However, some modern investigators speculate that the load of manganese ore that the Cyclops was carrying shifted. That would have caused the ship to become unbalanced and to capsize if hit by a rogue wave. The Flying Dutchman Among the most famous of the phantom ships is the legendary Flying Dutchman. This sailing ship, feared by mariners (sailors) as an omen of disaster, supposedly appears during stormy weather off the Cape of Good Hope, at Africa’s southern tip. According to one version of the legend, Vanderdecken, the captain of the Flying Dutchman, swore that he would round the cape even if he had to sail straight into the wind. Because of this oath, Vanderdecken was condemned to sail forever against just such an adverse wind. The Flying Dutchman legend has often been used in literature. It also served as the basis for German composer Richard Wagner’s opera The Flying Dutchman (1843). Phantoms, whether observed on land or at sea, can often be explained as optical illusions. Mariners are familiar with the sight of ships sailing through the sky above the horizon—a simple mirage caused by the refraction of light rays. The Flying Dutchman legend may have originated in the account of a superstitious sailor who saw such a mirage but did not understand its cause. Mutiny on the High Seas—The Bounty William Bligh Courtesy of the National Portrait Gallery, London Courtesy of the National Portrait Gallery, London One of the most serious crimes at sea is mutiny—the willful refusal to obey authority, such as the officer in charge. Probably the best-known mutiny of all time was the one that took place aboard the British ship HMS Bounty in the South Pacific on April 28, 1789. HMS Bounty © Photos.com/Getty Images © Photos.com/Getty Images The tyrannical Lieutenant William Bligh was commander of the 215-ton Bounty. The ship was sailing from Tahiti with a cargo of breadfruit trees for the West Indies when Fletcher Christian, who was second in command, revolted against Bligh’s brutality. Christian, with several other sailors, seized control of the ship. Bligh and 18 loyal crewmen were forced into a 20-foot (6-meter) longboat and cast adrift. Although he was a harsh disciplinarian, Bligh was also courageous and resourceful. With few provisions and no navigation charts, he guided the small boat westward across 3,600 miles (5,800 kilometers) of open sea to the island of Timor. There they found a Dutch settlement. All but one man—slain by inhabitants of one of several islands encountered along the way—had survived the 48-day ordeal. The open-boat voyage remains one of the most remarkable exploits in the history of the sea. After recovering on Timor, Bligh and the others sailed to Batavia (now Jakarta) on the island of Java. From there they returned to England on Dutch ships. The Flight Pitcairn Island © Michael Dunning—The Image Bank/Getty Images © Michael Dunning—The Image Bank/Getty Images After disposing of Bligh, Christian and his fellow conspirators had turned the Bounty eastward. Also aboard were several men who had not mutinied. There had been no room for them in the longboat. Christian and the men eventually stopped at the island of Tubuai, about 400 miles (640 kilometers) south of Tahiti. There the men attempted to establish a settlement. However, unwelcoming islanders and low morale among the men forced Christian to return to Tahiti. Sixteen men from the group chose to stay on Tahiti. Eight others cast their lot with Christian and left the island, fearing that British authorities would someday come looking for them. With them they took some 20 Polynesian men, women—some as wives—and children. Sailing eastward, they came at last to Pitcairn Island, about 1,400 miles (2,200 kilometers) distant. The island was uninhabited, but fresh water and wild fruit and other foods were abundant. The mutineers thought the island was the answer to their prayers. They stripped the Bounty of everything usable, then burned the ship. The Search Nearly two years after the mutiny, the British warship HMS Pandora sailed into the harbor at Tahiti searching for the mutineers. The 14 surviving Bounty crewmen who had stayed there, innocent victims and conspirators alike, were imprisoned aboard the Pandora. After hunting fruitlessly for the Bounty and the rest of the mutineers, the Pandora set sail for England. Off the coast of Australia, however, the ship foundered on a reef. Of the prisoners, only 10 were able to reach a nearby desert island. For more than two weeks the survivors—Pandora and Bounty men alike—continued westward in small open boats. They were tormented by thirst and hunger while at sea. Eventually they came upon a settlement of Europeans. The Bounty prisoners were returned to England and tried for mutiny. Three were found guilty and hanged. In February 1808 the American ship Topaz came upon Pitcairn Island. Only one of the nine Bounty crew members—John Adams (he had assumed the name of Alexander Smith)—was still alive. All the other men, English and Tahitian alike, had apparently been slain in bitter quarrels. Direct descendants of the mutineers live on the island to this day. The Steamboat Robert E. Lee and Natchez BBC Hulton Picture Library BBC Hulton Picture Library An important link in the commerce of 19th-century America was the river steamboat. Along the Mississippi, in particular, these boats also added a measure of color and excitement. Perhaps no event in the river life of the era was more thrilling than a steamboat race. The most famous of these took place between the Natchez and the Robert E. Lee in the summer of 1870. The racecourse was an upstream run from New Orleans, Louisiana, to St. Louis, Missouri. All in all, the boats were closely matched. Their beams were identical. The Natchez was longer and had a more graceful hull, but the Lee’s engines were more powerful. The skippers—Thomas P. Leathers of the Natchez and John W. Cannon of the Lee—denied that a contest was in the offing. Even so, the race was widely publicized. People from as far away as London, England, and Paris, France, placed bets on the outcome. The race began on the afternoon of June 30. Thousands of spectators cheered the boats as they departed. Cannon had stripped the Lee of all nonessential equipment. He refueled from barges en route and carried no freight. The overconfident Leathers made no such preparations for the Natchez. He even stopped for freight along the way. In heavy fog he tied up rather than risk running aground. The Lee was ahead all the way, averaging more than 13.8 miles (22.2 kilometers) per hour. It completed the course in 3 days, 18 hours, and 14 minutes. The Natchez arrived in St. Louis a little more than six hours later. Had Leathers exercised the same precautions as his rival, the outcome might have been different. Although the race was never a close one, it is memorialized in legend. Disaster at Sea Before the development of the modern passenger steamship (which first appeared during the last quarter of the 19th century), it was not uncommon for ships to be lost at sea. Shipbuilding skills were not far enough advanced to provide complete safety for ocean travelers. But by the 20th century the larger passenger liners were regarded as virtually unsinkable. When disaster came to such ships, it was usually the result of human carelessness or poor judgment. The “Unsinkable” Titanic Titanic The Bettmann Archive The Bettmann Archive At 2:20 am on April 15, 1912, the Titanic, then the world’s largest and most luxurious ocean liner, disappeared into the icy depths of the North Atlantic. The lives of some 1,500 men, women, and children—more casualties than in any other marine disaster in peacetime history—were lost. After striking a huge iceberg, the 46,328-ton vessel sank in less than three hours. Lloyd’s of London, the firm that had insured the Titanic, had reasoned that the probability of such an event was one in a million. The ship’s specially constructed bulkheads, it was believed, would check the seawater no matter how severely the ship might be damaged. As though fully convinced that the Titanic’s could not sink, the White Star Line had provided only enough lifeboats for half the people aboard. Titanic: sinking © Dorling Kindersley/Thinkstock © Dorling Kindersley/Thinkstock On the evening of April 14 the 883-foot- (269-meter-) long ship had been speeding through smooth seas at some 22 knots. It was bound from Southampton, England, to New York City on its first-ever voyage. Nearby steamers had issued reports of dangerous ice floes. The Californian, less than 20 miles (32 kilometers) from the Titanic, had stopped its engines until conditions were safer. But the “unsinkable” Titanic sped on. The White Star Line was eager for the ship to make good time on its first crossing of the Atlantic. At 11:40 pm the lookout on the Titanic’s crow’s nest (high platform) saw a large iceberg ahead. The officer in charge ordered the ship turned left and the engines reversed, but it was too late. The iceberg ripped the side of the Titanic’s hull as though it were made of tin. When the accident occurred, there was little excitement among the passengers. Staff told them only that there might be a slight delay. The ship’s orchestra continued to play popular tunes. But the Titanic’s bow was settling deeper by the minute. When the command was finally given to enter the lifeboats, many passengers still refused to believe that the ship was in real danger. Since there were not enough lifeboats, many of the men insisted that women and children be allowed into them first. Husbands, separated from their wives and children, were forced to remain aboard as the ship sank deeper into the icy waters. There were acts of cowardice also, and many of the lifeboats pulled away half empty. Titanic lifeboats National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) The British steamer Carpathia picked up the Titanic’s distress call and immediately headed toward the stricken liner. However, the Carpathia was about 65 miles (105 kilometers) away, and it arrived several hours later, after the Titanic had sunk. The Carpathia rescued 705 passengers and crew from the Titanic’s lifeboats. Titanic: 2004 view Courtesy of the Institute for Exploration/University of Rhode Island/NOAA Courtesy of the Institute for Exploration/University of Rhode Island/NOAA The remains of the Titanic were located in 1985. In the mid-1990s scientists began to probe the ship in the hopes of answering long-standing questions concerning the last hours of the ship’s voyage. Eyewitness testimony taken from the survivors of the tragedy had supported the theory that a gash as big as 300 feet (90 meters) in length had been torn in the side of the sinking ship. In 1997 a team of marine archaeologists studying the sunken remains of the vessel announced that evidence collected over a two-year period indicated that the collision between the ship and the iceberg had caused less extensive damage than had been believed. They examined both the bow and stern of the ship, which had split in two during the last minutes of the disaster. They discovered that the damage to the bow consisted of six small gashes, totaling less than 12 square feet (1 square meter) of area. In addition, in that same damaged area the seams connecting the steel plates in the hull had buckled and separated. The scientists determined that it was the location of the damage more than its size that led to the catastrophe. The slits, each of which was more than 20 feet (6 meters) below the waterline, damaged the walls of 6 of the 16 watertight compartments in the hull of the boat. The weight and speed of the boat, combined with the water pressure from the sea, forced approximately 39,000 tons of water into the bow end of the boat. Filled with water, the weight of the bow increased dramatically and lifted the stern end out of the water and into the air before the ship was ripped in half. According to the study, if the crew of the Titanic had allowed the ship to strike the iceberg head-on rather than attempting to swerve around the obstacle, it is likely that the ship’s structure would have survived the impact with damage to only the foremost watertight compartments. The ship, though hobbled, would probably have been able to complete the journey. The Lusitania Lusitania George Grantham Bain Collection/Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. (digital f... George Grantham Bain Collection/Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. (digital file no. 3g13287u) When the British steamship Lusitania left New York City on May 1, 1915, there was a subdued excitement among the passengers. Eight years earlier the steamer had established new speed records on its first transatlantic crossing. The Lusitania had then been the largest ship afloat. Now there was a different kind of excitement, for Great Britain was fighting in World War I against Germany, and the German government had just issued a warning to Americans that British ships were subject to attack. The 1,959 passengers and crew on board the Lusitania did not heed the warning. With the doomed ship sailed 159 Americans. Shortly after 2:00 pm on May 7, the ship changed course slightly, swinging northward toward the Irish Sea. The coast of Ireland had already come into view. Many of the passengers were strolling on deck. Suddenly, from the bridge, came a startled cry, “There is a torpedo coming, Sir!” The warning was followed by a violent explosion as the deadly missile ripped into the Lusitania’s hull. It was a direct hit, fired from a German submarine some 2,300 feet (700 meters) away. Mortally stricken, the great ship began to heel (tilt). Within 18 minutes only an oil slick, floating debris, and a few scattered lifeboats indicated where the liner had gone down. Lusitania: sinking Library of Congress, Serials and Government Publications Division, Washington, D... Library of Congress, Serials and Government Publications Division, Washington, D.C. (call no. D522 .W28 1919) The captain of the submarine, Lieutenant Commander Walther Schwieger, must have been astonished that the Lusitania had ventured into those waters. Only the day before, he had sunk two other British steamers in the same area. Watching the stricken Lusitania through his periscope, Schwieger recorded in his log, “The ship stops immediately and quickly heels to starboard. Great confusion….Lifeboats being cleared and lowered to water. Many boats crowded…immediately fill and sink.” Later he wrote, “It would have been impossible for me to fire a second torpedo into this crowd of people struggling to save their lives.” If the Lusitania had not altered its course when it did, thus exposing itself to a direct shot, it could have outdistanced the submarine. The lives of some 1,200 people, including 128 Americans, would have been saved. The German government contended that the Lusitania was a warship and that it was carrying Canadian soldiers and munitions. Its sister ship, the Mauretania, had been converted for military service, and the original plans for both vessels allowed for them to be fitted with 12 six-inch guns. The disaster aroused deep resentment in the United States and brought the country to the brink of war with Germany. The Wilhelm Gustloff Wilhelm Gustloff German Federal Archives (Bundesarchiv), Bild 121-0665 German Federal Archives (Bundesarchiv), Bild 121-0665 The Wilhelm Gustloff was a German passenger ship. Named after an assassinated Swiss Nazi Party leader, it was launched on May 5, 1937. The Gustloff was originally a cruise ship with a capacity of about 1,900 people, including vacationers and crew. At the beginning of World War II the ship was requisitioned as a naval hospital. From November 1940 it was kept docked at Gdynia, Poland, a port on the Baltic Sea, while serving as a barracks for trainees in the German submarine service. Wilhelm Gustloff Vladimir Kosov Vladimir Kosov In 1945 the Gustloff became part of Operation Hannibal, the German mass evacuation from East Prussia. The ship left the harbor on January 30 with about 10,000 people aboard. About 1,000 of them were military personnel, but most of the passengers were civilian refugees. The captain maintained a slow speed to avoid overtaxing the engines and chose a course away from shore to steer clear of mines. However, those precautions left the ship vulnerable to attack. The Soviet submarine S-13 soon spotted the Gustloff. At 9:16 pm the S-13 launched three torpedoes at the Gustloff. They hit their target, and the Gustloff proceeded to sink over the course of one hour. Many passengers were trapped inside the ship, and some of the ship’s lifeboats could not be deployed because they were frozen to the deck. Rescue vessels pulled only 1,239 survivors from the Baltic. It is not known exactly how many people went down with the Wilhelm Gustloff, but the death toll is believed to be the highest in maritime history. Ships of War Perhaps the most stirring accounts of human resourcefulness and courage under fire are to be found in the annals of naval warfare. Traditionally, the world’s seafaring countries pay special tribute to their naval heroes and to the ships in which they fought. The Revenge HMS Revenge Pictorial Press Ltd/Alamy Pictorial Press Ltd/Alamy The story of English naval commander Richard Grenville and his ship the HMS Revenge will long be remembered for its example of raw courage in the face of certain defeat. In September 1591 the Revenge, with a squadron of 15 other English ships, was lying in wait near the Azores in the North Atlantic Ocean to capture Spanish treasure ships. Three years earlier the illustrious Revenge had been Sir Francis Drake’s flagship when the English defeated the Spanish Armada off the coast of England. Now the tables were turned, for there suddenly loomed on the horizon a great array of Spanish fighting ships—more than 50 of them. The ships of Grenville’s squadron, recognizing the insurmountable odds, hoisted sail and fled. The Revenge, however, was delayed and cut off from escape. Undaunted, Grenville attempted to run the Revenge through the Spanish line. Fifteen hours later, after savage hand-to-hand combat, the force of 5,000 Spaniards finally subdued the Revenge. Grenville was mortally wounded. The crew of some 190 men had been reduced to perhaps about 20. According to tradition, Grenville’s dying words were, “I have ended my life as a good soldier ought, that hath fought for his country, queen, religion, and honor.” The Victory Horatio Nelson Los Angeles County Museum of Art, Gift of Miss Bella Mabury for the Paul Rodman ... Los Angeles County Museum of Art, Gift of Miss Bella Mabury for the Paul Rodman Mabury Collection (M.46.7.7), www.lacma.org More than two centuries after Grenville’s death, his countryman Admiral Horatio Nelson, aboard his flagship HMS Victory, expressed virtually the same sentiments as had Grenville. The occasion was the Battle of Trafalgar, near the coast of Spain, on October 21, 1805. In this engagement the British, under Nelson’s command, vanquished the French as well as the Spanish fleets. Near the end of the battle, when victory was assured, a French sniper shot Nelson through the shoulder and chest. “Thank God, I have done my duty,” gasped Nelson before falling dead of his wounds. From a rope far above the Victory’s deck fluttered the signal for his fleet that has ever since been his country’s motto: “England expects that every man will do his duty.” HMS Victory Courtesy of the National Maritime Museum, Greenwich, Eng. Courtesy of the National Maritime Museum, Greenwich, Eng. Nelson’s Victory, unlike the Revenge, lived to fight another day. Launched in 1765, the ship has been preserved and is on view in Portsmouth, England. The Constitution frigate: USS Constitution U.S. Naval Academy Museum, painting by Thomas Birch U.S. Naval Academy Museum, painting by Thomas Birch The first major naval engagement of the War of 1812 was fought on August 19 of that year, some 600 miles (970 kilometers) east of Boston. In that battle the frigate USS Constitution, under the command of Captain Isaac Hull, defeated the British frigate HMS Guerriere, under Captain James Dacres. When a cannonball bounced harmlessly off the Constitution’s side, a sailor reportedly exclaimed, “Huzzah! Her sides are made of iron!”—thereby coining the nickname “Old Ironsides.” The Guerriere was so badly damaged it was set afire the next day. Hull and Dacres had known each other for years. Despite the war between their countries, they remained friends. It is said that they good-naturedly bet their hats on the outcome of the battle. Helping the wounded Dacres aboard the Constitution after defeating the Guerriere, Hull allegedly refused the customary offer of his adversary’s sword and demanded his hat instead. Up to that time the United States had been losing the war on land. The victory at sea improved the country’s morale, though the engagement itself was not of much military importance. The country, however, was grateful for the victory. Congress voted a reward of $50,000 to the officers and sailors of “Old Ironsides.” Less than a month after Hull’s victory, he resigned command of the Constitution. He later commanded harbor defenses at New York City and at three navy yards. Commodore William Bainbridge assumed command of the Constitution. On December 29, 1812, the Constitution encountered the English frigate HMS Java off the coast of Brazil. After a short battle the Java surrendered. The shattered British frigate was then blown up. The Constitution suffered serious damage but was able to return to Boston in early 1813 for repairs. In 1830 the American writer Oliver Wendell Holmes made an impassioned effort to save the battle-scarred Constitution from the scrapyard. “Oh, better that her shattered hulk should sink beneath the wave,” he declared, than be plucked by the “harpies of the shore.” His poem “Old Ironsides” so aroused the patriotic feelings of the American public that Congress set aside funds to restore the condemned vessel. frigate: USS Constitution Courtesy of MOTT Courtesy of MOTT Rebuilt, the Constitution served another 48 years. But again decay threatened, and between 1927 and 1931 the ship was rebuilt. It underwent several more extensive repairs and restorations in the 20th and 21st centuries. Berthed today in the Charlestown Navy Yard (now part of the Boston National Historical Park) in Massachusetts, the Constitution is a favorite tourist attraction. The Essex The sloop HMS Alert was the first of many British vessels that the Americans captured during the War of 1812. The American frigate USS Essex, under the command of Captain David Porter, captured the Alert on August 13, 1812, not far from the island of Bermuda. In November the Essex embarked on a cruise that took the ship around Cape Horn, the southernmost tip of South America. It thus became the first United States naval vessel to explore west of the Strait of Magellan. (In 1800 the Essex had been the first American fighting ship to round the Horn.) The Essex proceeded to capture 12 British whaling ships in the South Pacific waters. USS Essex Everett/Shutterstock.com Everett/Shutterstock.com After exploring westward to the Marquesas Islands, the Essex returned to the coast of South America, finally anchoring at Valparaiso, Chile. There, on March 28, 1814, the luck of the Essex ran out. Having lost one of its masts in a squall, the Essex was set upon by two British warships—the frigate HMS Phoebe and the sloop of war HMS Cherub. The two British warships quickly captured the crippled vessel. The commander of the Phoebe permitted the American prisoners to return to the United States in the Essex Junior, a smaller vessel that had served as escort to the Essex. Among the men who distinguished themselves in this bloody engagement was Porter’s adopted son, 12-year-old midshipman David Farragut. Farragut later achieved fame for his Union naval victories during the American Civil War (1861–65). The Lawrence and the Niagara Oliver Hazard Perry: USS Niagara Library of Congress, Washington D.C. (Digital file no. cph 3a06427 ) Library of Congress, Washington D.C. (Digital file no. cph 3a06427 ) Early in the spring of 1813 the United States government began preparations to wrest the Lake Erie region from British control, for the two countries were still at war. United States Navy Lieutenant Oliver Hazard Perry was assigned the task of building up the small naval force at Presque Isle Bay (near Erie, Pennsylvania), on the southern shore of the lake. While his men hauled oak and chestnut timbers from the forest to construct two 480-ton brigs, Perry journeyed to Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, and Buffalo, New York. In those cities he secured guns and ship fittings and recruited workers. By mid-July the brigs and several smaller vessels were ready for battle. However, because of a British blockade the squadron was unable to cross a sandbar into the open waters of Lake Erie until early August. Perry christened one of the brigs the USS Lawrence. He named it in memory of Captain James Lawrence, who had been killed earlier that year aboard the frigate USS Chesapeake. Lawrence, mortally wounded, had called to his men, “Don’t give up the ship!” before being carried below. The stirring words were sewn onto a banner that Perry had hoisted above the Lawrence. Oliver Hazard Perry Anne S.K. Brown Military Collection, Brown University Library Anne S.K. Brown Military Collection, Brown University Library The long-awaited battle to determine naval supremacy on Lake Erie took place on September 10, 1813. Perry’s fleet was numerically superior (nine ships against six), but the British proved to be better at naval tactics. They concentrated their fire on the Lawrence, Perry’s flagship. The USS Niagara, sister ship of the Lawrence, remained out of effective battle range. After more than two hours of devastating British fire, the Lawrence had been reduced to a shambles. Undaunted, Perry and some of his men transferred to the Niagara, which was still virtually undamaged. He sailed it into the midst of the enemy ships, raking them with crippling broadsides (firing from all the guns on one side of the ship at the same time). Less than an hour later the British surrendered. To receive the surrender formally, Perry returned to the shattered deck of the Lawrence. His short message to the local army commander, General William Henry Harrison, summed up the action: “We have met the enemy and they are ours—two ships, two brigs, one schooner, and one sloop.” Today the reconstructed Niagara, which saved the day for Perry, is usually docked for public view at Pennsylvania’s Erie Maritime Museum. The ship also serves as a United States Coast Guard sailing school vessel. The Bismarck Bismarck U.S. Navy U.S. Navy One of the most dramatic episodes of World War II was the pursuit of the German battleship Bismarck. Launched in 1939, the ship displaced 52,600 tons, mounted eight 15-inch (38-centimeter) guns, and had a speed of 30 knots. The hunt took place at a time when the British merchant fleet had suffered severe losses, and the British were anxious to retaliate. A British military plane first observed the Bismarck, escorted by a new cruiser, the Prinz Eugen, off the coast of Norway on May 21, 1941. The sighting of the ships sent practically the entire British Home Fleet into action to intercept them. Two British cruisers made contact off the coast of Iceland. On May 24 the British battle cruiser HMS Hood and the battleship HMS Prince of Wales closed in to engage the two German vessels. Scarcely five minutes after the first shot was fired, the Hood—then one of the largest warships afloat—was destroyed by the Bismarck’s guns. One of the German shells exploded in the Hood’s magazine, and the entire ship vanished from sight within minutes. During the battle the Bismarck and the Prinz Eugen damaged the Prince of Wales. The Prinz Eugen suffered no hits at all, but the Bismarck’s fuel supply was disabled. The Bismarck’s commander, Admiral Günther Lütjens, decided to make for the French coast. The battleship separated from the Prinz Eugen, threw off its pursuers, and headed for the open sea on May 25. The Prinz Eugen, meanwhile, sped eastward, leaving the harried German battleship to its fate. Bismarck U.S. Naval Academy Museum, painting by C.E. Turner U.S. Naval Academy Museum, painting by C.E. Turner The next day, on May 26, the Bismarck was sighted again some 660 miles (1,060 kilometers) west of Brest, France. The aircraft carrier HMS Ark Royal fired upon it, and a torpedo strike crippled its steering gear. British battleships bombarded the Bismarck throughout the night. On the morning of May 27 the HMS King George V and the HMS Rodney bombarded the German battleship for another hour. The Bismarck was reduced to a flaming, silent wreck but still remained afloat. An hour and a half later the cruiser HMS Dorsetshire drew near, fired two torpedoes into the battleship’s starboard side, then swept around to its port side and fired a third. Minutes later the mutilated Bismarck sank. Of the some 2,300 crew aboard the Bismarck, only about 110 survived. The pursuit of the Bismarck had covered some 1,700 miles (2,750 kilometers) across the North Atlantic. The ship was scarcely more than 400 miles (650 kilometers) from the safety of Brest—then under German occupation—when it went down. The Prinz Eugen, the Bismarck’s recent comrade-in-battle, had reached Brest safely. In pursuing the Bismarck the British had employed multiple battleships and battle cruisers, aircraft carriers, light cruisers, destroyers, and submarines.

• Condition: In Excellent Condition
• Number of Pieces: 1
• Certification Number: 1912
• Time Period: 2000s
• Grade: Ungraded
• Certification: Uncertified
• Colour: Gold
• Denomination: Titanic
• Year of Issue: 2012
• Collection: Titanic
• Features: Commemorative
• Country/Region of Manufacture: United Kingdom
• Country of Origin: Great Britain

• Platinum Jubilee 6 X 50p Coin Collection

  £1.76 1 Bid 4d 15h

• Titanic 3D Silver Ship Gold Coin Compass Sank 1912 Ocean Liner Film Cruise Model

  £12.99 Buy It Now 18d 6h

• The Platinum Wedding Anniversary Photographic Collection Missing 1 Coin

  £0.99 0 Bids 2d 21h

• 3 different 1953 Queen Elizabeth II Coronation Medals : 35-38mm

  £1.20 2 Bids 4d 5h

• £3.20 3 Bids 4d 22h

• £6.53 14 Bids 8d 4h

• 15 X Unsearched Commemorative Medal Coins Some Bronze

  £3.22 4 Bids 2d 6h

• RAF Centenary Badge 2018 UK £2 Proof Coin

  £1.76 1 Bid 1d 2h

• Elizabeth ll 50 Pence Coins Please Check Pictures

  £1.75 0 Bids 6d 0h

• Battle of Britain 80th Anniversary 5-Coin

  £4.88 0 Bids or Buy It Now 2d 15h

• RAF Avro Vulcan XH558 Final Display Season 2015 Commemorative Collectors Coin

  £0.99 1 Bid 4d 2h

• Set Of 4 Gold Plated Feng Shui Dragon Commemorative Coins in capsules

  £10.08 0 Bids 7d 21h

• King Charles III Coronation Silver Coin 2023 Royal Family God Save the Crown

  £0.99 0 Bids 4d 5h

• RMS Titanic Gold Silver Coin Ship Wrek Film Disaster Olympic White Star Line USA

  £12.99 Buy It Now 11d 6h

• King Charles III Coronation Coin

  £6.96 Buy It Now 27d 6h

• RAF 2020 - Never Was So Much Owed To So Few - Half Crown Coin

  £3.00 0 Bids 5d 23h

• Lockheed Ac-130 Gunship 16amu Coin

  £11.12 1 Bid 3h 4m

• Raf Tornado Gr4 Shape Coin

  £16.32 0 Bids 3h 27m

• The Lone Soldier, One Crown Coin,2010

  £2.80 0 Bids 6d 0h

• 1914-1918 World War I 100th Anniversary Souvenir Coin. Football, Xmas Truce X2

  £10.08 Buy It Now 14d 4h

• £20.00 0 Bids 2d 23h

• Titanic 3D Silver Ship Gold Coin Compass Sank 1912 Ocean Liner Film Cruise Model

  £1.99 0 Bids 4d 5h

• RMS Titanic Gold Silver Coin Ship Wrek Film Disaster Olympic White Star Line USA

  £0.99 0 Bids 4d 6h

• £18.00 1 Bid 20h 18m

• £3.22 2 Bids 5d 3h

• Raf Tornado F3 40th Anniversary 2025 Edition Bottle Opening Coin

  £14.51 2 Bids 3h 40m

• 1981 Year of Disabled People, Commemorative Coin. Boxed.

  £5.92 Buy It Now 28d 7h

• Commemorative Coin Collection!

  £31.91 0 Bids 6d 19h

• Queen Elizabeth II Gold Bar Platinum Jubilee King Charles III Royal Family Retro

  £9.99 Buy It Now 15d 6h

• 2012 Royal Mint Titanic Centenary £5 Five Pound Coin Pack Sealed Uncirculated

  £3.41 6 Bids 4d 4h